Laili Rahayuwati

Faculty of Nursing
Universitas Padjadjaran
 Contents

Concept of Nursing, Culture, Health, Illness
Concept of Bodily Function and Symbolic
Anatomies
Identification of Disease Causation
Pain Behavior
Sector of Care
Culture and Drugs
 Concepts and Context

Human
A unique and complex bio psycho social
being having needs that must be met in
order to achieve optimal wellness.
Health
The integration of body, mind, and
environment resulting in maximum
functioning of the individual.
 Concept and Context

Wellness
A dynamic state of being in which an
individual's needs are being met.

Nursing
 Concepts of Culture

Meanings, social practices, and material
products
What people think, what people do, and
what people make
Culture’s most essential feature is that it is
learned.
 Context of Culture

Cultural background
Beliefs, perceptions, emotions, behavior,
language, religion, rituals, familiy
structure, diet, dress, body image,
concept of space and time, attitudes to
illness, pain and other form misfortunes.
 Context of Culture
Influences on health and illness
Individual Factors

Educational Factors

Socioeconomic Factors

Environmental Factors
 CULTURALLY UNIQUE

Communication

Space
Social Organization
Time
Environmental Control
Biological Variation
 Culture and Implication

Cultural sensitivity begins with a
recognition that there are differences
between cultures.
These differences are reflected in the
ways that different groups
communicate and relate to one
another, and they carry over into
interactions with health care providers
 Culture and Implication

A culturally competent nurse views all
patients as unique individuals and
realizes that their experiences, beliefs,
values, and language affect their
perceptions of clinical service
delivery, acceptance of a diagnosis,
and compliance
 Symbolic Anatomies
East Approach-Western Approach

TCM : Body is crisscrossed by a series
of meridians, invisible channels,
along with flow chi , the vital energy
or life force of the human body.
Tantric (Hinduism and Buddhism), the
chakras or wheel are concentration
and receptors of energy along the
central axis of the body.
Identification of Disease

Categorization
Disease
Illness
Sickness

Etiology
Naturalistic
Personalistic
 Pain Behavior

Private Pain
Public Pain
Health Care Pluralism

Popular
Sector

Folk Sector

Professional
Sector
 Cross Cultural Psychiatry
Jacob Goldsmith Theory

Type B Behavior
Type A Behavior Pattern
(TBBP)
Pattern
(TABP)
 An individualstruggle  Generally apathetic,
to achieve an patient, relaxed, easy-
going, no sense of time
unlimited number of
schedule, having poor
goals in as short time
organization skills, and
as possible at times lacking an
 Aggresiveness, overriding sense of
ambition, competitive urgency. These
drive, workaholic. individuals tend to be
sensitive of other
people's feeling
Cross Cultural Psychiatry

Type C personalities are described as
suppressing emotional expression, and
denying strong emotional reactions; failing
to cope successfully with stress, with a
reaction of giving up, linked with feelings
of hopelessness and helplessness
 Cross Cultural Psychiatry
Normality vs Abnormality

 Dimension of Social Behavior


Controlled
Normality Symbolic Inversion
Religious States
Normal Culturall bound syndromes Abnormal

‘Bad’ ‘Mad’

Uncontrolled
 Culture and Drugs
Micro and macro context

Pharmacological Properties:
1. The attribute of drug.
2. The recipients of drug.
3. The attribute of prescriber.
4. The physical setting.
 Culture and Drugs
Micro and macro context
Macro context: 
1. Moral and cultural values.
2. Socioeconomic level.
3. Role of economic forces.
4. Social grouping
 References

 Cockerham, WC (1978) Medical Sociology. Prentice
Hall. New Jersey, pp: 3-17, 65-86, 87-114, 156-195
 Foster, G.M & Anderson, B.G. (diterjemahkan oleh
Suryadarma, P.P & Swasono, M.F.H.) Antropologi
Kesehatan. Universitas Indonesia. 2012, hal: 1-96, 121-
207, 243-262, 311-330
 Eisenberg, L. and Kleinman, A. (1981) The Relevance
of Social Science for Medicine. D. Reidel Publishing
Company. Holland.pp: 111- 164, 241-253, 307-329
 Helman, CG (2000) Culture, Health, and Illness. Fourth
edition. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. pp: 1-31, 108
– 127, 265 - 271