Abbreviations

• Dosage
– RD (Recommended Dose)
– GD (Given Dose)
– AD (Actual Dose)
• Routes of Administration
– PO (per orem; oral)
– IV (intravenous)
– IM (intramuscular)
– Sc or Sq (subcutaneous)
– IO (intraosseous)
 Abbreviations
• Frequency
– OD (once a day)
– BID (twice a day)
– TID (thrice a day)
– QID (four times a day)
** better to indicate: every ____ hours
– PRN (as needed)
– Stat (immediately)
 Conversion
• 1 teaspoon - 5 mL
• 1 tablespoon - 3 tsp ; 15 mL
• 1 ounce - 30 mL
• 1 cup - 180 mL
• 1 glass - 200 mL
 1 1 Name of Affiliated Institution and
Contact details
2 Physicians Name and PRC Lic No
2 3, 4, 5 Patient’s Name, Age/Sex, Weight
4 5 6 Patient’s Address
3
6 7 Date
7
8 Generic Name
8 9 10 11 9 Brand Name
12 13 14 10 Preparation
11 Quantity
15 16 12 Volume to give
13 Route of Administration
14 Frequency of dosing
15 Duration of treatment
16 Actual Dose
17 17 Signature of Prescribing
18 physician
18 Special Licenses for
Special drugs
 Beta-Lactams
• Oral
– Amoxicillin: 40 – 60 mkD in 3DD
• Parenteral
– Ampicillin (septic):
• 50 – 100 mkD in 2DD (infant)
• 100 – 200 mkD in 4DD (children)
– Ampicillin (meningitic):
• 100 – 200 mkD in 2DD (infant)
• 200-400 mkD in 4DD (children)
 Beta-Lactams + BLIC
• Oral
– Co-amoxiclav: 40 – 60 mkD in 2DD
– Sultamicillin: 25 mkd q 12 hours
• Parenteral
– Ampicillin-sulbactam: 100 – 200 mkD in 4DD
 Cephalosporin
• 1st Gen
– PO:
• Cefalexin 25 – 100 mkD in 4DD
– IV:
• Cefazolin 50 – 100 mkD in 3-4DD
 Cephalosporin
• 2nd Gen
– PO:
• Cefaclor 20 – 40 mkD in 3DD
• Cefuroxime 20 – 30 mkD in 2DD
– IV:
• Cefuroxime 100 – 150 mkD in 3DD
 Cephalosporin
• 3rd Gen
– PO:
• Cefixime 8 mkD in 2DD
– IV:
• Ceftriaxone 50 – 75 mkD OD
• 4th Gen
– IV:
• Cefepime 100 mkD in 2DD
 Macrolides
• PO
– Clarithromycin: 15 mkD in 2DD
– Azithromycin: 10mkD OD (3 days only)

Aminoglycosides
• IV
– Amikacin: 10 – 15 mkD OD
 Anti-Amoebic
• Oral
– Metronidazole: 35 – 50 mkD in 3DD

Quinolones
• Oral and IV
– Ciprofloxacin: 20 mkD in 2DD
 Analgesic/Antipyretic
• PO
– Paracetamol 10 – 15 mkd q 6 hours
– Ibuprofen 5 - 10 mkd q 6 hours
• IV
– Paracetamol 10 – 15 mkd q 6 hours

**Rectal prep of PCM 250 mg/supp,

125 mg/supp
 Antihistamine
• PO
– Cetirizine 0.25 mkd q 24 hours
– Diphenhydramine 3 – 5 mkD in 3DD
• Parenteral
– Diphenhydramine 1 - 2 mkd q 8 hours
 Other Respiratory Drugs
• PO
– Salbutamol 0.12 - 0.15 mkd q 6-8 hours
– Ambroxol 1.2 – 1.5 mkD in 2 DD

Anti-seizure Drugs
• IV
– Diazepam 0.2 – 0.4 mkd
– Phenobarbital 20 mkd (Loading Dose)
then 3 – 5 mkd q 8 -12 hours
(maintenance Dose)
 Other Drugs
• Zinc
– <6 months: 10 mg elemental Zinc
– >6 months: 20 mg elemental Zinc

• Drops 27.5 mg/mL (10 mg elemental zinc/mL)

• Syrup 55 mg/5 mL (20 mg elemental zinc/5 mL)
• Iron
– Therapeutic dose: 3 – 5 mkD OD
– Prophylactic dose: 1 – 2 mkD OD
 Given Dose
• PO medications:
1
RD x weight in kilograms x
GD = preparation
frequency

• IV medications:
RD x weight in kilograms
GD =
frequency
 Actual Dose
• PO medications:
GD x preparation
AD = x frequency
weight in kilograms

• IV medications:
GD
AD = x frequency
weight in kilograms
 Problem # 1
TV, a 7 year old male child, weighing 22 kg
was brought to the CVGH OPD for cough
and fever and was diagnosed with Pediatric
community acquired pneumonia – low risk.
Prescribe Amoxicillin and Paracetamol.
 Problem # 1
ANSWER:
Amoxicillin 250 mg/ 5mL , give 7.5 mL TID
PO x 7 days
(range: 5.8 mL – 8.8 mL)

Paracetamol 250 mg/5 mL, give

5 mL PO PRN q 6 hours
(range: 4.4 mL – 6.6 mL)
 Problem #2
• SK, a 3 day old 38-week AOG female
neonate, weighing 3 kg, was diagnosed
with Neontal sepsis-early onset. Write the
orders for Ampicillin and Amikacin IV.
 Problem # 2
ANSWER:
Ampicillin (Ampicin) 150 mg IV q 12 hours
(AD 100 mkD)

Amikacin (Amikacide) 45 mg IV q 24
Hours (AD 15 mkD)