ASTHMA

 Nur Aini Yunike Bahari Margarini - 201310330311112

 Nirvana Nabila Abadi Putri - 201310330311122
 Adib Danurdipta - 201310330311124
 Anita Fitri Puspasari - 201310330311127
 Agus Achmad Susilo - 201310330311031
Definition and
etiology of asthma
Definition
o Gangguan inflamasi kronik pada saluran napas
o Terdapat sel-sel radang (eosi-nofil, sel mast, leukotrien,
makrofag, ne-trofil, limfosit T, dll)
o Hiperresponsif jalan napas thd bbg rangsangan
o Obstruksi jalan napas bersifat reversibel dengan atau
tanpa pengobatan

NHLBI (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute) - 2007

Etiologi
o Faktor ekstrinsik :reaksi antigen-
antibodi; karena inhalasi alergen (debu,
serbuk-serbuk, bulu-bulu binatang).

o Faktor intrinsik; infeksi : para

influenza virus,
pneumonia,Mycoplasma. fisik; cuaca
dingin, perubahan temperatur. Iritan;
kimia. Polusi udara ( CO, asap rokok,
parfum ). Emosional; takut, cemas, dan
tegang. Aktivitas yang berlebihan juga
dapat menjadi faktor pencetus.
Pathophysiology
of asthma
 Alergen masuk ke
saluran nafas

Di olah APC (antigen presenting cell)

Sel Th memberi instruksi melalui

interleukin atau sitokin agar sel-sel
membentuk IgE, makrofag, eosinfil,
dan sel-sel radang lainnya

Sel radang mengelurakan

mediator inflamasi

Permeabilitas dinding vaskuler

meningkat, edema saluran nafas,
infiltrasi sel-sel radang, sekresi
mucus, fibrosis sub epitel
 Inflamasi

Permeabilitas dinding vaskuler

meningkat, edema saluran
nafas, infiltrasi sel-sel radang,
sekresi mucus, fibrosis sub epitel

Hiperaktivitas saluran nafas Airway remodeling

- Bronkokonstriksi
- Hipertrofi otot
saluran nafas
- Obstruksi saluran
nafas
Symptoms of
asthma
Difficulty breathing air out of
the lungs due to:
 Bronchoconstriction
 Airway wall thickening
 Increased mucus

GINA, 2017
Diagnosis of
asthma
Spirometry
 Spirometry BDT - An increase in FEV1 of ≥12% and 200 ml
after administration of a bronchodilator indicates
reversible airflow limitation consistent with asthma
 Peak flow - PEF monitoring with peak flow meter -
variability (diurnal variation of PEF of more than 20%
suggests asthma)
Physical examination
 Wheezing– the most common finding during asthma
exacerbation (especially on forced expiration)
Management of
asthma
Target terapi
 To achieve good control of symptoms and maintain
normal activity levels
 To minimize future risk of exacerbations, fixed airflow
limitation and side-effects.
 Ideally, patients
should be seen
1–3 months after
starting
treatment and
every 3–12
months
thereafter.
 After an
exacerbation, a
review visit
within 1 week
should be
scheduled
OTHER THERAPIES
 AllergenImmunotherapy
 Vaccinations
 Vaccinations
 VITAMIN D