humanistic psychology. He is known for his theory of “self- actualization.” Full Name: Abraham Harold Maslow Birth Date: Famed psychologist Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908. Birth Place: Brooklyn, New York. Education: University of Wisconsin, Columbia University Occupation: Academic, Educator, Scholar, Psychologist. Death Date: June 08, 1970 Maslow's original Hierarchy of Needs model was developed between 1943-1954, and first widely published in Motivation and Personality in 1954. At this time the Hierarchy of Needs model comprised five needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. Five steps of Theory Needs: 1. Biological and Physiological needs: Air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs: protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs: work group, family, affection, relationships, love, sex, etc. 4. Esteem needs: Achievement, independence, status, dominance, prestige, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs: Personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, etc. Presentation # 2.
Two Factor Theory Of Frederick Irving Herzberg.
The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. It was developed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other. Birth Date: April 18, 1923 Birth Place: Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S Full Name: Frederick Irving Herzberg. Occupation: Psychologist. Death Date: January 19, 2000 Profession: Professor And Management Consultant. About Herzberg And Education: Herzberg enrolled at the City College of New York in 1939. He did not finish his studies as he enlisted in the army. In 1944 he married Shirley Bedell. He finally finished his studies and graduated from the City College of New York in 1946. He then decided to move to the University of Pittsburgh where he earned a master's degree in science and public health. He completed a Ph.D. at Pittsburgh that focused on electric shock therapy. Herzberg started his research on organizations in the 1950s. He worked at the University of Utah. He proposed the motivator-hygiene theory, also known as the two factor theory of job satisfaction. Herzberg's theory of motivators and hygiene factors: Herzberg (1959) constructed a two-dimensional paradigm of factors affecting people's attitudes about work. He concluded that such factors as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are hygiene factors rather than motivators. According to the theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create job dissatisfaction, but their presence does not motivate or create satisfaction. Hygiene Factors. Elements of life or work that do not increase satisfaction but that can lead to dissatisfaction if they are missing. Hygiene(Dissatisfaction) Factors and Motivators Factors. Extrinsic(Environmental) motivators: Extrinsic/Environmental motivators are expected and so cause dissatisfaction if they are absent. Intrinsic motivators, on the other hand, can provide extra motivation. Extrinsic/Environmental motivators tend to represent more tangible, basic needs, such as status, job security, salary, and fringe benefits.
Extrinsic refers to the external environment of the organization.
Intrinsic refers to the internal matters of the organization.