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MICROCONTROLLER
By:- ATUL KUMAR
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
1614321020
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DEFINITION
A combination of hardware and software which together form
a component of a larger machine.
8052 microcontroller − 8052 has all the standard features of the 8051
microcontroller as well as an extra 128 bytes of RAM and an extra timer. It
also has 8K bytes of on-chip program ROM instead of 4K bytes.
8031 microcontroller − It is another member of the 8051 family. This chip is
often referred to as a ROM-less 8051, since it has 0K byte of on-chip ROM. We
must add external ROM to it in order to use it, which contains the program to
be fetched and executed. This program can be as large as 64K bytes. But in
the process of adding external ROM to the 8031, it lost 2 ports out of 4 ports.
Comparison between 8051 Family Members
ROM(bytes) 4K 8K 0K
Timers 2 3 2
I/O pins 32 32 32
Serial port 1 1 1
Interrupt sources 6 8 6
8051 Architecture
Features of 8051 Microcontroller
64K bytes on-chip program memory (ROM)
128 bytes on-chip data memory (RAM)
Four register banks
128 user defined software flags
8-bit bidirectional data bus
16-bit unidirectional address bus
32 general purpose registers each of 8-bit
16 bit Timers (usually 2, but may have more or less)
Three internal and two external Interrupts
Four 8-bit ports,(short model have two 8-bit ports)
16-bit program counter and data pointer
8051 may also have a number of special features such as UARTs, ADC, Op-amp,
etc.
Memory Architecture
The 4 discrete types of memory in 8051 are:
Internal RAM– This memory is located from address 0 to 0xff. The memory
locations from 0x00 to 0x7F are accessed directly. The bytes from 0x20 to
0x2F are bit-addressable. Loading R0 and R1 the memory location from 0x80
to 0xFF can easily accessed.
Special Function Registers (SFR) – Located from address 0x80 to 0xFF of the
memory location. The same instructions used for lower half of Internal RAM
can be used to access SFR’s. The SFR’s are bit addressable too.
Part Packagin
ROM RAM I/O pins Timer Interrupt Vcc
Number g
AT89C51 4K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
AT89C52 8K 256 32 3 8 5V 40
AT89C105
1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20
1
AT89C205
2K 128 32 3 8 3V 20
1
AT89LV51 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40
AT89LV52 8K 128 32 3 8 3V 40
APPLICATION AREAS
• TV
• Stereo
• Remote control
• Phone / mobile phone
• Refrigerator
• Microwave
• Washing machine
• Oven / rice or bread cooker
• Watch
• Alarm clock
• Electronic musical instruments
• Electronic toys (stuffed animals, handheld toys, pinball
etc.)
• Medical home equipment (e.g. blood pressure,
thermometer)
Thank You