DEFINING DISEASE

• “a condition of the living animal

or plant body or of one of its
parts that impairs normal
functioning and is typically
manifested by distinguishing
signs and symptoms”
Disease is a condition of the living
• Only living beings, plant and animal are affected by diseases.
According to Darwin, living things most especially animals go through
a process of natural selection in which if a species adapts to the given
environment, that species would likely thrive and therefore pass that
ability to adapt to its offspring. Those species who do not adapt
would most likely die out. Disease is therefore a contributing factor in
testing a living thing’s survival. Unless one builds up an immunity or
has access to treatment, that particular disease would likely kill.
Disease impairs normal functioning
• It seems pretty coincidental that when we divide the word “disease”
by its syllable we get “dis - ease”. “Dis” meaning the opposite of,
while “ease” roughly meaning the freedom from worries or problems,
ergo disease takes away our state of freedom from problems. The
human body is a living system, each organ has a specific purpose that
affects the others. Disease impairs the functioning of the body by
striking at a specific organ
Disease is typically manifested by distinguishing
signs and symptoms
• our bodies have two ways of targeting diseases. 1) It attempts to
solve the problem by treating with antibodies, white blood cells, and
etc. But most of the time the body 2) warns the human. Like a sentry
that warns a village to prepare for an impending enemy invasion, the
body exhibits signs that would tell the person to look for treatment.
Without these signs, disease would slowly creep into our body and
kill us. But take note, that some diseases can do such thing and often
would manifest symptoms after it worsens.
CAUSES OF DISEASE
• Bacteria - these are living micro-organisms that are
able to multiply. Yet not all bacteria cause harm as
some are present in our bodies and even helps in
the functioning of our bodies. Some bacteria help to
digest food, destroy disease-causing cells, and give
the body needed vitamins. Those that cause harm to
the person is classified as pathogenic bacteria. Many
of these, give off chemicals called toxins, which can
damage tissue and make you sick. Examples of
bacteria that cause infections include Streptococcus,
Staphylococcus, and E. coli.
CAUSES OF DISEASE
• Virus - smaller than bacteria, they are made of genetic
material inside of a protein coating. Viruses are like
hijackers. They don’t multiply by their own per se rather
they invade living, normal cells and use those cells to
multiply and produce other viruses like themselves. This
can kill, damage, or change the cells and make you sick.
Different viruses attack certain cells in your body such as
your liver, respiratory system, or blood.
CAUSES OF DISEASE
• Fungi - is a primitive organism. Fungi live in
air, in soil, on plants and in water. Some live in
the human body. Only about half of all types
of fungi are harmful. Some fungi reproduce
through tiny spores in the air. You can inhale
the spores or they can land on you. As a
result, fungal infections often start in the
lungs or on the skin
CAUSES OF DISEASE
• Parasites - are living things that use other
living things - like your body - for food and a
place to live. You can get them from
contaminated food or water, a bug bite, or
sexual contact. Parasites are living things that
use other living things - like your body - for food
and a place to live. You can get them from
contaminated food or water, a bug bite, or
sexual contact.
HOW WE CAN CONTRACT DISEASE
• Direct contact
• Person to person.
• Animal to person.
• Mother to unborn child
• Indirect contact
• Insect bites
• Food contamination
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF DISEASE
• While anyone can catch infectious diseases, you may be more likely to get sick
if your immune system isn't working properly. This may occur if:

• You're taking steroids or other medications that suppress your immune system, such
as anti-rejection drugs for a transplanted organ
• You have HIV or AIDS
• You have certain types of cancer or other disorders that affect your immune system

• In addition, certain other medical conditions may predispose you to infection,

including implanted medical devices, malnutrition and extremes of age,
among others.
PREVENTION
• Wash your hands.
• Get vaccinated.
• Stay home when ill.
• Prepare food safely
• Practice safe sex.
• Don't share personal items.
• Travel wisely.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• is a leading cause of death in death
in childre under the age of 5 in
developing countries. Pneumonia is
the most serious of these infections
but often can be treated with
affordable antibiotics.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• Cause and Mode of Transmission - multiple types of virus and bacteria delivered person-to-person by
coughing, sneezing or speaking

• Signs and Symptoms - cough accompanied by short rapid breathing, fever, difficulty of breathing, etc.

• Treatment
• Prescribe antibiotics
• Supportive measures include increased oral fluids to prevent dehydration, continued feeding to avoid malnutrition
and anti-pyretics to reduce high fever.

• Prevention and Control - Vaccines

RABIES
• a deadly viral infection
that targets the brain
that is mainly spread
by infected animals
 RABIES
• Cause and Mode of Transmission - a virus that came from the saliva of an infected animal by bite or
scratch

• Signs and Symptoms

• Headache and fever
• Pain or numbness of bite site
• Delirium and paralysis
• Muscle spasms
• Hydrophobia and aerophobia
 RABIES
• Treatment
• Wash the wound immediately with soap and running water
• Consult immediately even while observing the dog
• Observe the dog for 14 days and consult the physician if a
• Dog becomes wild ad runs aimlessly
• Dog drools
• Dog bites any moving or non moving object
• Dog does not eat or drink
• Dog dies within observation period
• If dog cannot be observed (stray dog), or if suspected to be rabid, consult your physician immediately or go
to the nearest Animal Bite Treatment Ceter in your area
 RABIES
• Prevention and Control
• As a pet owner,
• Have the dog immunized by a veterinaria against rabies at 3 months old and every year thereafter.
• Never allow your pet dog to roam the streets
• Take care of your pet

• As an individual
• Get yourself pre-exposure antirabies vaccine
• Do not provoke especially stray dogs
• Report any pet owners that let their pets roam the streets.
EBOLA
• belongs to the Filoviridae family
(filovirus) which comprises five
distinct species all but one causing
hemorrhagic symptoms. Previously
found among Philippine monkeys, it
is also found in sick pigs in the
Philippines
 EBOLA
• Cause and Mode of Transmission - Ebola virus from direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs,
or other body fluids of infected persons.

• Signs and Symptoms

• Sudden onset of fever
• Intense weakness
• Muscle pain
• Headache
• Sorethroat
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Impaired Kidney and liver function
• Internal and external bleeding
 EBOLA
• Treatment - no standard treatment

• Prevention and Control

• Wear protective clothing when aprroaching
infected patients
• Use infection- control measures including
equipment sterilization; and isolate patients
from contact with unprotected persons.
• At any rate, there must be no direct contact
MEASLES

•a highly contagious
respiratory disease
caused by a virus
MEASLES
• Cause and Mode of Transmission - a virus in
the paramyxovirus family, which normally
grows in the cells that line the back of the
throat and lungs.It can easily spread from
person-to-person by sneezing, coughing, and
close personal contact

• Signs and Symptoms

• Cough
• Runny nose
• Red eyes/conjunctivitis
• Fever
• Blotchy rash lasting for more than 3 days
 MEASLES
• Complications
• Diarrhea
• Otitis media (middle ear infection)
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis
• Malnutrition
• Blindness

• Treatment
• Nutritional support and oral rehydration
• Prescribed antibiotics
• Give supplementation to infants and children diagnosed with measles
 MEASLES
• Prevention and Control
• Immunize infants with measles vaccine at 9
months old
• Give Vitamin A supplementation during routine
measles vaccinations
• Vaccines Vaccines Vaccines