Hydraulic System

Muhamad Wildan Firdaus

Friday, 12th April 2019

Outline Presentation

A. Introduction

B. Theory & Equipment / System

A. Introduction

What is a Hydraulic System?

Hydraulic system is a
technology that utilizes
liquid, usually oil, to carry
out a movement in line or
rotation.

This system works

based on principle. If a
liquid is subjected to
pressure, then the
pressure will propagate in
all directions without
increasing or decreasing
its strength.
A. Introduction

Principles of Hydraulic Systems

The first picture shows that
by using a hydraulic system, a
smaller force (F) is needed to
be able to lift a larger force.

While the second picture

explains the principle of using
a hydraulic motor in a pulley.
And it takes less torque to be
able to rotate the pulley with a
greater load (large torque).
A. Introduction

Hydraulic Circuit
A hydraulic system consists
of a hydraulic pump, pipeline,
control valve, hydraulic fluid
tank, filter and actuator that is
driven (cylinder or hydraulic
motor).
The working fluid collected in
the tank is pumped by a
hydraulic pump so that it has
certain specific pressures. The
fluid flows towards the
solenoid valve, this valve
controls the movement of the
hydraulic cylinder.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

Simply put, the hydraulic system is able to

work if there are three components below.
• Power input (hydraulic pump)
• Distribution unit (hydraulic hose)
• Actuator.

When the input power provides

power boost to the oil in the
hydraulic channel, the oil will
continue the power from the
motor to be converted into
mechanical motion through the
actuator.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

1. Hydraulic Pump

The hydraulic pump serves

to supply hydraulic fluid at a
certain pressure to the
hydraulic system. This pump is
driven by an electric motor or a
machine connected to a clutch
system.

The coupling system used

can be a belt, gears, or also
a flexible elastomeric
system.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

There are three types of hydraulic pumps that are widely used.
A. Gear Pump

This type utilizes the movement of two

gears to cause hydraulic flow.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

B. Vane Pump

This type is similar to a water pump at home

that utilizes a fan on a rotor that will suck
fluid when rotating.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

C. Piston Pump

This type is similar to a compressor where the fluid will be

sucked inside the cylinder and the piston will push it
through the outlet valve so that fluid flow can form.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

2. Control Valve

Serves to regulate the

amount of pressure used, also
serves to regulate the direction
of flow of hydraulic fluid.
The desired direction of
movement on the actuator is
controlled by the direction of
flow of the hydraulic fluid, this
direction of flow is regulated by
the valve control.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

Here are some types of valve controls that are commonly

used:
A. Relief Valve

This valve serves to dispose of hydraulic fluid to the fluid

storage tank, if the fluid pressure is higher than the
specified value.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

B. Check Valve

Serves to regulate the direction of the flow

of hydraulic fluid so that it is unidirectional
and there is no reverse flow
B. Theory & Equipment / System

C. Pilot Valve

This valve is a hydraulic system control. Used

to adjust the actuator output as desired.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

3. Actuator

The actuator functions to convert the energy contained in

the fluid flow into a mechanical motion. There are two types
of actuators that are often used;

A. Tube / piston type

This type uses a

piston in a tube that will
move forward / in the
direction when pressed
by a fluid
B. Theory & Equipment / System

B. Rotary type

In this type the actuator will move to spin

when given fluid pressure.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

4. Reservoir/ Tank

As a place to store
hydraulic fluid to
accumulate changes in
fluid volume when the
system is working.
In the hydraulic tank is
also designed a system to
separate air from
hydraulic fluid, because
the presence of air in the
fluid can disrupt the
workings of the system.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

5. Channel Unit
A. Pipe
Pipes used for hydraulic
fluid flow can be standard
pipes, tubes
B. Hose
Hydraulic hose serves to
drain fluid. Hydraulic hose
must be able to withstand
high pressure.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

6. Hydraulic Fluid
Fluid becomes the conductor of
energy from the pump to the
actuator.
Hydraulic systems, basically just
move energy from the pump to the
actuator, any liquid and gas can
be used as energy savings
However, this liquid hydraulic
oil is used because the
molecules are larger and more
resistant to heat. So that it is
suitable to be given high
pressure without leaking.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

7. Filter

The filter functions to

filter all types of dirt that
are carried along in the
fluid flow so that it does not
enter the hydraulic circuit.
This dirt will be driven
away by the filter before oil
enters the hydraulic
channel, so the hydraulic
system will be safer.
B. Theory & Equipment / System

8. Oil cooler

The function of the oil cooler is to cool the fluid, the fluid that
has been used (given high pressure) the temperature will
increase. These high temperature fluids will experience a
decrease in quality, and at risk of damaging other components.
So it needs to be cooled.