PLASTIC

RECYCLING
By
S. KALAI SELVAN
S. AKHALYA
 OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF PLASTICS
• LIFE CYCLE OF PLASTICS
• REASON FOR RECYCLE
• RECYCLING PROCESS
• PLASTIC RECYCLING TECHNIQUE
• CONCLUSION
 PLASTIC
• Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of
synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are
malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.
• These are materials that can be reshaped (remolded) by
applying heat and pressure. Most plastics are made from
synthetic resins (polymers) through the industrial process
of polymerization.
 TYPES OF PLASTIC
THERMOPLASTICS
• Plastics that do not undergo chemical
change in their composition when heated.
• Can be moulded again and again.
THERMOSETTING. PLASTICS
• Plastic that are permanently set
once, they are initially formed and
can’t be melted.

• Examples: • Examples:
1. Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA) 1. Polyester
2. Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) 2. Pollyurethane
PLASTIC RESIN CODES
LIFE CYCLE OF PLASTICS
 REASON FOR RECYCLING
• Plastics in the ocean are responsible for
the death of millions of sea animals
• Plastic never degrades completely
• Incinerating plastics contributes to green
house gases
• Making new plastics need considerable
amount of fossil fuels
• One of the major reason for plastic
recycling is its huge quantity. 90% of
the municipal waste consists of plastic.
 WHY RECYCLE?
• In land fills, in synthetic and naturally occurring
polymer don’t get necessary exposure to UV and
microbes to degrade
• Landfills not recycle plastic, it preserve the poison
forever
• The toxic chemicals escapes from the landfills
and contaminate the water sources
• When there are too many plastic in the landfills,
they are often destroyed in incineration factories
• Often causes
1. Global warming
2. Lung cancer
3. Soil contamination
 Plastic is slow to degrade….
• Plastics take long time to degrade
results in plastic pollution
• It is the accumulation of plastic in the
environment that adversely affects the
wild life, wild life habitat or humans
• So it’s essential to recycle the plastic
 RECYCLING PROCESS
• Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and
reprocessing the material into useful products.
• Plastic recycling includes taking any type of plastic, sorting it into
different polymers and then chipping it and then melting it down into
pellets.
• Stages in plastic recycling
1. Sorting
2. Washing
3. Shredding
4. Identification and classification of plastic
5. Extruding
 PLASTIC RECYCLING PROCESS
• PRIMARY RECYCLING
• Converts plastic materials from solid
to liquid states and reconstitutes them
as finished components.
• Plastic transform without sacrificing
their distinctive properties.
• Uses less energy and fewer resources.
• SECONDARY OR MECHANICAL
RECYCLING
• Recovers plastic solid waste for the re-
use in manufacturing plastic products
via mechanical means.
• It is reprocessing of the used plastics
to form new similar products.
• Simple approach of waste plastic
conversion to grocery bags, pipes, etc.
 CHEMICAL RECYCLING
• Methods involves:
• THERMAL DEPOLYMERIZATION:
 Depolymerisation process using hydrous pyrolysis for the reduction of complex
organic materials into crude oil
 Under pressure and heat, long chain polymers of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon
decompose into short chain petroleum hydrocarbons.
 Examples :PET and certain polyamides(nylon 6 and nylon 66).
• HEAT COMPRESSION:
 It takes all unsorted , cleaned plastic in all forms, from soft plastic bags to hard
industrial waste and mixes the load in tumblers.
 Benefit : all plastic is recyclable , not just matching forms.
PLASTIC RECYCLING PROCESS
RECYCLING PROCESS- EXTRUDER
 RECYCLING TECHNIQUES
• The purpose is to separate different kinds of plastic homogenously
from mixture of plastic and other wastes.
• Several techniques applied in recycling plastic:
 Sink-float separation technique
 Electrostatic separation
 A dry separation technique that utilizes the electrical charging of
particles
• Separation of ABS , PVC and PP from mixture of PVC/PP , ABS/PS and
PET/PE within 50%/50%
o PVC/PP =>Air Table
o ABS/PS => Triboelectric cyclone separator
o PET/PE=> Combination of Sink-Float Separation and Froath
floatation
RECYCLING TECHNIQUES-ABS,PS,PP SEPARATION
PROCESS
TRIBOELECTRIC CYCLONE SEPARATOR
SINK-FLOAT AND FLOATATION
 RESULT:
TYPES PVC from PVC/PP ABS from ABS/PS PET from PET/PE

METHOD Air Table Triboelectric cyclone Sink-float and floatation

separator

RECOVERY 97.1% PP; 100% PS; 90.3% PET

99.5% PVC 74% ABS

GRADE 99.3% PP; ___ 99.7%PET

99.3% PVC
 CONCLUSION
• Plastic is widely used all around the world for everyday life, construction
,automobile , electronic and other things to make life more convenient , but
in the same time , it cause environmental problem such as global greenhouse
gases emission.
• Recycling Plastic is not only saving the petrochemical sources , but also
saving the energy.
• Plastics are too valuable to through away.
• Each piece of plastic waste is money.