Professional Documents
Culture Documents
a. Nose
Nose or naso or nasal is the first air channel, has two holes (rice
cavity), separated by nasal septum (septum rice).
b. Faring
The pharynx is a place of intersection between the respiratory
path and the food path, located beneath the base of the skull,
behind the nasal cavity, and the front mouth of the neck bone.
c. Larynx
The larynx or larynx is the airway and acts as a sound
formation, located in front of the pharynx to the height of the
cervical vertebra and into the trachea below it.
d. Trachea
The trachea or windpipe is a continuation of the larynx
formed by 16 to 20 rings consisting of horse-shaped bones
resembling a horse's hoop (letter C) inside is covered by a fluffy
mucous membrane called a ciliated cell, only moving outward .
e. Bronkus
Bronchus or throat branch is a continuation of the trachea,
there are 2 pieces that exist at the height of vertebra thoracic
vertebrae IV and V, have a structure similar to trachea and coated
by the same set type.
f. Lungs
The lungs are a body tool consisting mostly of bubbles (bubbles of
air or alveoli). This gelembug alveoli consists of epithelial and
endothelial cells. If the surface area is covered approximately 90
m².
Respiratory process
Next...
a. Lung stroke
Lung breathing is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that
occur in the lungs. Breathing through the lungs or external
breathing, oxygen is taken through the mouth and nose when
breathing oxygen enters through the trachea to the alveoli
associated with blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
b. Cell respiration
D. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
I. ASSESSMENT
1. Identity
a. Patient identity
Name : Ms. D
Age : 19 years
Islam
Female gender
Status : Student
Education : Strata 1
Tribe of Nations : Indonesia
Address : Kutabumi Rt 08/02, Tangerang
MRS Date : June 15, 2017
Assessment Date : June 17, 2017
Medical diagnosis : Bronchial asthma
Main complaints : Chest pain
b. Identity of Responsible Person
Name : Ny. K
Age : 60 years
Hub.dengan patient : Parents
Occupation : Prosperity
Address : Kutabumi Rt 08/02, Tangerang
2. Health Status
a. Current health status
1. The main complaint (when the MRS and current)
• When MRS : Patients complain of chest pain
• Current : Patients are short of breath and cough with
phlegm
• Self-made efforts
"The patient said it was done by taking Orsiprenaline (
Alupent) medicine from a pharmacy"
• Efforts made by others
"Patient says assisted with Nebulizer tool“
3. Allergies:
"Patients say have dust and cold allergy"
• Before illness :Patients said that in their daily life they do not
smoke and if they smell smoke the chest tightness, the
patient is not allergic to the type of drugs and food or
beverages but the patient there is dust and cold allergy, and
before the patient pain is very safe to dust and cold both
inside Outside the house, the patient always provides a mask
cover the nose and always use a protective coat because
patients understand the disease
• When sick :Patients say that if they get sick they will buy
Orsiprenaline (Alupent) medicine but the patient is always
more assisted by Nebulizer tool and the patient says if after
the patient gets sick avoided from cigarette smoke, dust or
dirt and cold temperatures that can lead to the exposure of
more serious diseases to patients
b. Pattern of Nutrition-Metabolic
• Before illness :
- Food intake: Patients say at the time before the usual
eating habits, good appetite, rice, vegetables and side
dishes. Frequency of eating 3x / day. Preferred foods are
ice, chocolate and fruit, because patients suffering from
asthma then the client has a taboo to eat in the form of
chocolate and ice food, foods containing preservatives are
limited.- Intake fluid: Patients 5-7 glasses a day, water
• When sick :
- Food intake : Patients say since sick appetite decreased
not even want to eat, eat only porridge only and can only
spend ½ portion of food only. How to eat it must be fed. So
his weight decreased- Intake fluid: Patient only drank 3-4
glass / day, water
c. Patterns of Activity and Exercise
1) Activity
• When sick Patients say that when sick the daily activities
are disturbed, not as usual and not able to perform
activities because it is difficult to breathe. Patient's ability
decreases so much need help to carry out daily activities of
patient assisted by family member
2) Exercise
• Before illness Patients say that patients often do morning
exercises with family, such as cycling together. Every
weekend also patients are often invited to his family for
recreation
• When sick Patients say when sick can not exercise
because the condition of his body that does not allow
because of shortness of breath
1) CHAPTER
• Before illness: Patients say before CHAPTER normal as normal.
Usually CHAPTER 2-3 x / day, in the morning and evening, the
color of yellowish feces and consistency of its soft CHAPTER
• When sick: Patients say when the CHAPTER STD is still normal as
usual
2) BAK
• Before illness: Patients say before BAK illness is only 4-5x / day.
No difficulties experienced, clear urine color and typical urine
smell
• When sick: Patients say when the BAK disease is not normal
(decreased urine production) urine frequency 2-3x / day, yellow
color and typical urine smell
f. Pattern Roles and Responsibilities
Vital sign :
Nadi: 76x / min
Temperature: 35.8oC
TD: 100/60 mmHg
RR: 28x / min
Physical state :
1) The state of hair and head Inspection: simestris, no fall,
flat hair distribution, no lesions, oval head shape Palpation:
no lumps / swelling, bushy hair and strong / not fragile
9) Abdomen
Inspection : no stomach ascites, no lesions
Auscultation : Bowel sounds 12x / minute
Palpation : no tenderness in 4 quadrants
Percussion : sound of a tympanic sound
12) Genetalia
- State of labia majora and minora: clean, no secret.
5. Analysis Data
A. Data Analysis Table
No Dx Syntom Etiologi Problem
00032 DS : Breath Road Ineffectiveness of
- The client says chest pain is Obstruction: Road Breath Clearing
right and left - Foreign body in the
airway
- Clients complain of - Restrained secretions
shortness of breath Physiological:
- Client says he has cough - Asthma
accompanied by phlegm - Allergic airway
- Clients say dust and cold
allergy
DO :
Vital sign :
TD: 100/60 mmHg
RR: 28x / min
- The client seemed to gasp
while breathing.
- Ronkhi breath
- The client appears to be
holding back pain
00002 DS: Less intake of Nutrition
- Clients say decreased eating imbalance: less
appetite than body needs
- Clients say eating out ½
servings
DO:
- BB / TB 43 kg / 155 cm
- Client seems weak - Eat
out ½ portion
Allergy management
1. Recognize known allergies (eg, drugs, food, insects,
environment) and unusual reactions
Rational: to avoid allergies that occur during asthma
Counseling
1. Build a therapeutic relationship based on mutual trust and mutual
respect
Rational: to establish a relationship of mutual trust and mutual respect
2. Help the patient to find a problem or situation that causes distress
Rational: to calm and overcome situations that cause distress
3. Ask the patient to look for what they can / can not do related to
the events that occurred
Rational: to know to do related to perristiwa that happened
Muscle relaxation
1. Monitor the indicator of the absence of relaxed conditions, such
as movement, difficult breathing, difficulty breathing, speech, and
cough. Rational: to know the respiratory problems of the patient
Anxiety reduction
1. Use a calm and convincing approach
Rational: to be patient calm and confident to the nurse
3. Ask the patient to identify what they can / can not do with
the event
Response results: patients can do related to the events that
occur
Muscle relaxation
1. Monitor the indicator of the absence of relaxed conditions,
such as movement, difficulty breathing, difficult breath,
speech, and cough.
Response results: found no pegging problems, difficult
breathing
2. Instruct the patient to breathe deeply and slowly and exhale
[release] tension
Response results: the patient feels more relaxed after following
the instructions of the nurse
Increased self-awareness
1.Divide the observations or thoughts about the patient's
behavior or response
Response results: after the observation the patient feels better
than before
Anxiety reduction
1.Using a calm and convincing approach
Response results: in order to reduce anxiety in patients
2.Identify in the event of anxiety level changes
Response results: know the occurrence of anxiety level changes
Facilitation of learning