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Managing Higher

Education of the Future:


Opportunities and Challenges

Professor Erry Yulian T. Adesta, PhD, CEng, MIMechE


Dean
Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Engineering
International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Presented on Higher Education Leadership Workshop


”SIMPOSIUM CENDEKIAWAN KELAS DUNIA”
Convention Hall - Universitas Andalas
Kampus Limau Manis, 18 Desember 2017

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1. FACTS AND FIGURES
STUDENT MOBILITY IS
GROWING WORLWIDE
• There were 172,886
international students in
Malaysian higher education
institutions, private and
international schools, and
language centres as of
December 2016.
• Malaysia aims to attract
250,000 international
students by 2025. 2
Another facts…
MALAYSIA IS MAKING
THE MOST OF ITS
ADVANTAGES
• Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia’s
capital city, was voted as the
world’s most affordable
city for students (for the
third time in five years) - QS
Best Student Cities 2017
survey
Source:
https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnist 3
s/2017/05/237032/turning-world-towards-
Another one…
BETTER POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
• Malaysian government, as a whole, has been
working to improve international student
management i.e. by introducing Education
Malaysia Global Service (EMGS)
• Student visas are issued for the duration of
the programme (as opposed to yearly) and
visa applications can be made online and
tracked in real-time.

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… and another
BENEFITS THE ECONOMY AND COMMUNITY
• International students currently contribute
approximately RM5.9 billion per year to the
Malaysian economy
• They also contribute so much more in regard
to cultural exposure, competitiveness and
networking that will benefit our students and
community.

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MEDICAL SERVICE
• Terdapat sekitar 10.000 mahasiswa
Indonesia di Malaysia dari sekitar 100.000
mahasiswa dari luar negeri di Malaysia.
• Sedangkan mahasiswa Malaysia yang belajar
di Indonesia berjumlah 6.000 orang. Sebagian
besar menempuh studi di bidang "perubatan"
atau kedokteran.
• Kenyataan ini menjadi hal yang sangat
paradoks dimana mahasiswa Malaysia
belajar Kedokteran di Indonesia. Namun
warga Indonesia malah berobat ke Malaysia
dan menjadi pasien terbanyak.
(republika.co.id, Sabtu, 31 Agustus 2013,
17:02 WIB)

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MEDICAL SERVICE
• Dengan demikian maka tidak hanya terjadi
pada dunia pendidikan tinggi ternyata
dalam pelayanan jasa kesehatan pun
mengalami keadaan yang kurang lebih
sama.
• Menurut berita dari Harian Republika dari
Pekanbaru yang dimuat Sabtu, 31 Agustus
2013, pasien asal Indonesia tercatat
terbanyak yang datang berobat ke
Malaysia seperti yang diungkapkan
Konsulat Jenderal Malaysia H. Azizam
Ismail pada perayaan hari kemerdekaan
Malaysia ke-56 bertempat di Grand Hotel
Pekanbaru, Riau. "Jumlah pasien berobat
ke Indonesia tercatat 670 ribu sebagian
besar ke Malaka.” 7
MEDICAL SERVICE

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2. UNIVERSITY 4.0
2 University 4.0
2.1 Background
ADDITIONAL ISSUE: DIFFERENT GENERATION OF STUDENTS
• Often unwilling to engage in studies
• Unable to take as much materials compare to the previous generations
• Losing several skills and capabilities of previous generation

With a new trait as a Digital Natives


• Access to smart devices for most 24/7
• Networked at all times
• Cloud connected and Social media
• Allow access to learning content anywhere & anytime
Universitie 4.0

Started in
2 University 4.0

Germany at the
2.2 The Concept Rheinisch-
Westfalische
Technische
Hochschule
Impact on Aachen (RWTH
Higher Education Aachen) by
Sabina Jeschke,
a Professor for
University 4.0 Information
Fourth Industrial Revolution
Sciences in
(Industry 4.0)
• Initiative of higher education for being responsive to the impact of Mechanical
digitization Engineering,
• Leveraging the Industry 4.0 technologies to support the learning who formulated
activities the model.
• Utilization of IoT connectivity with massive data network and feedback
system
Ever since,
Multiple modes of education ASEAN region
How the transformed • Direct interaction (Face-to-Face) universities have
education will be • Online Learning been interested
delivered? • Blended/Hybrid mode in the notion.
2 University 4.0

University Required Skills & Knowledge

Anticipation must be made for the universities to follow the rapid changes in higher-educations:
TRANSFORMATION OF
LEARNING DESIGN
2 University 4.0

2.3 Traditional Classroom vs Online Learning


“Pedagogy vs Media”
• University traditional education system = a classroom setting
• Professors deliver a lecture  students listening and taking notes
• Knowledge was passed with a one-to-one arrangement or apprenticeship.

• Advances in information technology and digitalization enable educational delivery


methods in a form of DISTANCE LEARNING (DL).
• Furthermore, IT advancement have ushered in the new paradigm: ON-LINE
LEARNING (OL).

• Studies demonstrated : online learning is (at least) as effective as face-to-face learning.


• But alternate research: comparing online with traditional classroom practice do not provide
the necessary insights into best practices for efficient teaching and learning.
2 University 4.0

2.3 Traditional Classroom vs Online Learning

On-line learning advantages & disadvantages

DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES Comparison and Studies:


• Learning outcome improvement &
efficiency
• Student satisfaction towards
courses
• Time and learning efficiency
• Problem-based learning
effectiveness
2 University 4.0

The
UNCONVENTIONAL Online Learning Hybrid Learning
LEARNING is a form of distance Also known as Blended
education where Learning; refers to the
technology mediates the practices that combine (or
Distance learning process, teaching is
delivered completely
blend) traditional
face-to-face instruction
Education using the Internet. with online learning.
is teaching and planned
learning where the teaching Students and instructors
occurs in a different place may not have to be available
from learning, requiring at the same place and time.
communication through Does not include
technologies and special traditional distance
institutional organization. education instruction
methods, such as print-
based correspondence,
television/radio broadcast,
traditional video-conference,
and any stand-alone
educational programs.
2 University 4.0

2.3 About Distance Learning (DE)


Distance Education (DE) focus: Adopted technology and pedagogical approach
Oldest form : Correspondence study
• Students received self-directed study materials from instructors by postal service
• Feedback and evaluation given when the assignments returned
• Primary drawback: Slow, one-to-one communication without group interaction [8]
Technology Advancement
Audio conferencing technology in mid-1960s for limited student-student interaction.
Videoconferencing was not widely used due to high equipment cost

Contemporary Distance Pedagogy constructs of M-Learning


Learning: Mobile Learning (M-
Opportunities Conversational Implications
Authenticity

Collaboration

Personalisation
Learning)
• Defined as the learning for and connected for ownership,
process mediated by mobile contextualized, aspects of m- agency and
devices [10] participatory, learning autonomous
• M-learning: learning situated learning
contexts can be generated learning
by students
• Not confined to normal
learning settings
2 University 4.0

2.3 About Online Learning (OL)


• Transformation of Instructor-centered (traditional classroom) to student-centered
• Students have more responsibility for their learning
Online Environment:
Self-direction is necessary

What to learn SIGNIFICANT CHANGES ON


INSTRUCTOR’S ROLE
When to learn Lack of time and place unity leads to
greater interdependence of students
Who to learn with and instructors

A demand for the instructor:


Significant requirements for online learning
More passive and non-directive role
• Development of well-designed courses to Supportive and guiding
with interactive and engaging content
• Structured collaboration between peers
• Flexible deadlines to allow students to
pace their learning, continuous monitoring
of student progress,
• Provision of formative feedback when
needed [8]
2 University 4.0

2.3 About Hybrid Learning


Also known as “Blended Learning” (BL)
• A combination of online technologies and face-to-face (F2F) interaction
• Other terms: mixed-mode, online-supplemented, etc
• Emphasizing the merging of F2F teaching and online technologies
VARIANCE
• A continuum between fully F2F to fully Online courses
• Blended learning is also a version of OL with 30 –
79% of the content delivered online EFFECTIVENESS

“Any instructor who employs technology


teaching practice, whether in f2f or through • Students learn from blended
web-based distance education practices in mode develop better learning
online education (DE/OL), refer to such outcomes
experiences as blended.” • Research speculates BL
combines the “best of two
worlds”
• But the results offers limited
Traditional BLENDED/ Online evidence on what aspects from
Learning Learning
HYBRID pedagogy and technology that
influence outcomes
ADMINISTRATION,
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
2 University 4.0

2.4 Administration

Campus Teaching Research General


Administration Management • Course • Project Office
& Management • Student information Management • Finance
admission & system • Information
-- • Procurement
lifecycle • Learning system
Ensuring safe • Facility
• Alumni Management
records and decent management
management System
flow of data • Etc.
• Sponsorship • Tools
exchange on 4
areas of university

Core foundation of services:


CONNECTIVITY at Three Different Areas • Automated real-time feedback system
• General web services (Public) • Data mining techniques
• Students personalized services • Cloud computing
• Staffs personalized services • Easy user interface
2 University 4.0

2.4 Administration
Paper-based
A few actions to be taken

1. Electronic resources can slowly replace printed documents DMS Software


+ Connectivity
• Students can check their grades online
• Downloadable form and certificates
• Library communications Electronic
• etc Documents

2. Students can perform some procedure online


• Communication with administration office
• New semester courses application
• etc

• Once a document stored in an electronic form,


unlike printed-form, it can be shared across
departments in the organization, and often in
real-time.
• Changes from one department can
immediately be seen by the others. Saving
time and reduce the amount of paper waste at
the end of the process.
2 University 4.0

2.5 Research
The concept of IoT implementation in Research
management involves several basic elements of:
• Adoption to new research format Virtual
• Project management Groups
• Researcher management
• Data management
• Virtual groups New Data
Research Management;
example of actions
Research
Format
Internet
• Research groups interact with the
university online of Thing
• Research management center to
perform online tasks for funds
management Researcher
• The university provides supports Project
Management
for online application to grants
INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY
COLLABORATION
2 University 4.0

2.6 Industry-University Collaboration


One aim is to foster technology transfer between universities and companies.
What education and technology can
the universities offer to the industry?
• Knowledge and technology transfer
• Professional support from scholars
Industry
What can the universities (particularly
the students) get from this?
Univers
• Working experiences ity
• Employment opportunities IoT
Connecti
vity

IoT support from Industry 4.0


Become the main driver for the advancement of both part
2 University 4.0

2.6 Industry-University Collaboration


A profound shift has been observed across all industries
• The emerging new business models A Collaboration is a
• Production reshaping
• Destruction of current job must
Universities have the role of
fostering innovation &
technology
University Connectivity Industry
(University (Internet of Thing) (Industry 4.0)
4.0)
• Advanced research • Advanced skills & artisanship
• Big data & analytics • High quality manpower
The true essence is to create new value in things,
But the main tasks for the universities: Typical form of partnership:
• Project collaboration
• Cutting-edge R&D • Industrial program and internship
• Human resources development • Etc
CHALLENGES &
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
2 University 4.0

2.7 Limitations & Challenges


PROGRESS is ACCELERATING
• What the students learn during their education will not last for their entire career
• And universities are often not very helpful in choosing career path [11]

UNIVERSITIES MUST ADAPT


Accessibility of new technologies
Digitization of
autonomous devices
Understanding the new technologies and network
Creation of new ideas
& mechanism of action
Comprehensive guidelines
For future education,
administrative &
infrastructural
development
2 University 4.0

2.7 Limitations & Challenges

COMPETITIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

University University Students’


Ranking Efficiency Experiences
• QS World • Digitization • Satisfaction
Univ. • Staff &
Rankings efficiency experiences
• Subject • Adaptivity & • Employment
based Agility chances
• Reputation • Completion
based rate
2 University 4.0

2.7 Limitations & Challenges

TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
Human resources readiness for
digitization
Heterogeneous supporting software
system

Education software tools

Varieties of hardware system


2 University 4.0

2.8 Future Directions


Learning Environment Transformation

Blended
Education
Technology +
& Online
Pedagogy
Learning

Future Learning

Universities should rethink their approach of teaching:


• Experimenting with new technology
• Adopting new learning methods
• Encouraging students with real-life problems
• Hiring enough young instructors
IoT &
The Future of Jobs
5.1 The Future of Jobs
• Many of the new
technologies are disrupting
labor markets
• Advancement in
technologies and new
business models are
expected to have a profound
impact on existing and
future jobs
Internationally, jobs are The new generation of technology from the
threatened by Industry 4.0 have the potential to threaten jobs
technologies and the which previously were not impacted by
declining demand in the technologies
industries, along with
outsourcing.

New technologies are


disrupting labor markets
The new generation of technologies which are being deployed in the Fourth
Industrial Revolution will have the potential to threaten jobs which previously
were not impacted by technologies.

Around 47% of all jobs (United States data) have a 70% probability of
disappearing over the next 2 decades.
Top Ten Skills in 2020

1. Complex problem
5.2 The Changes of Skills solving
Acceleration of technology shorten the shelf life of 2. Critical thinking
existing knowledge, expertise and skills, and require 3. Creativity
different competencies which need to be developed. 4. People management
5. Coordinating with
The Importance of Work-Related Skills
others
6. Emotional intelligence
7. Judgement and
decision making
8. Service orientation
9. Negotiation
10.Cognitive flexibility

“The Digital Age


necessitates
people to develop
digital
competencies”
There is a need for digital skills for nearly all jobs where technology complements existing tasks.
In the near future, 90% of jobs will require some level of digital skills.
5.3 The New Jobs
The Fourth Industrial Revolution requires a workforce with a wide range of
deep knowledge and skills which can easily transition into new jobs

Many jobs that exist today are not available 10 years back

• App Developer – Introduction of smartphones in 2007


• Social Media Manager – Growth of social media applications
• Uber drivers – As Uber founded in 2009
• Driverless Car Engineers – For autonomous car (e.g. Google car)
• Cloud Computing Specialist –
• Big Data Analyst/Specialist
• Drone Instructors & Operators
• YouTube Content Creator
“The accelerating growth of new
• Search Engine Optimizer
• Robot Coordinators professions related to and driven by new
And many others. technologies has enormous implications
for learning”
Conclusions
• University 4.0 share the common characteristics with
Industry 4.0 in terms of digitization and connectivity
through IoT
• IoT and digitization offers numerous opportunities for
all university areas and a rethinking process should
immediately start
• University stakeholders and administrations need the
courage to come with innovations, restructuring the
existing structures
• Student performances improve through “pedagogically
rich strategies” (instructor participation, students
interaction, and continuous monitoring)
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‫شكرا‬

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