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DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUES

OBJECTIVES (Layunin)

 Pagaaral ng mga konsepto at pamamaraan upang

makaiwas sa aksidente.

 Paggamit ng mga pamamaraan na ito sa aktwal na

pagmamaneho.

 Alamin ang benepisyo ng programa ng Defensive

Driving para sa iyong kaligtasan at ng ibang tao.

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WHAT IS ACCIDENT?

 Webster defines ACCIDENT as an unfortunate event

due to carelessness, negligence, unawareness ,
ignorance or wilful disobedience of traffic rules
and regulations.

 Isang nakakalungkot na pangyayari dahil sa

kapabayaan, kakulangan o walang kaalaman o di
pagsunod sa batas trapiko…

 Ang aksidente ba ay maiiwasan o hindi? (Show Video)

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 TMG ACCIDENT STATISTICS DATA
MAJOR CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS # of Cases %
a) Driver's Error 3,301 28.89%
b) Over-speeding 1,624 14.21
c) Mechanical Defect 1,434 12.55
d) Overloading 988 8.65
e) Road Defect / Under Repair 911 7.97
f) Bad Overtaking 824 7.21
g) Bad Turning 733 6.42
h) Hit & Run 598 5.23
i) Drunk Driving 508 4.45
j) Using Mobile Phone while Driving 329 2.88
k) Self Accident 133 1.16
l) Others 42 0.37
11,425 100%
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Ano ang tatlong klase ng driver?

1. RECKLESS OR OFFENSIVE DRIVER

2. ROAD RAGE DRIVER

3. DEFENSIVE DRIVER

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1. Reckless or Offensive Driving:

- Pagmamaneho ng walang pagpapahalaga sa kaligtasan

ng ibang tao, motorista, ibang gumagamit ng kalsada at
maging sa kanyang sarili.

- Siya ay hindi marunong sumunod sa mga batas trapiko,

senyas, ilaw at kortesiya sa pagmamaneho.

- Ang “offensive or reckless driver” ay napakadelikado sa

kalsada at sinumang gumagawa nito ay dapat gawan ng
kaukulang aksyon.

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Behaviors of Reckless/ Offensive/Aggressive Drivers:
- Over speeding - Disregarding traffic controls
- Frequent/unsafe lane changes - Impaired driving
- Failure to signal - Gestures
- Tailgating/rubbernecking - Inattention to driving
- Failure to yield right of way - Verbal altercation
- Aggressive horn use - Obstructing traffic

 Road Rage Driver is worst…

- An act of using the vehicle or any weapon with intent to harm
or kill due to misunderstanding during traffic situations
- The physical assault of a driver towards another driver, other
road users or even traffic officers
- A criminal offense!
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 DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUES

2. Defensive Driving:

- Pagmamaneho upang makaiwas sa aksidente kahit mali

ang pagmamaneho ng ibang driver at kahit na may mga
panganib na kondisyon sa kalsada o panahon.

- Ang isang tunay na propesyonal na driver ay hindi dahil

sa klase ng kanyang lisensya kung hindi dahil sa kanyang
abilidad, husay, disiplinado at ligtas na pagmamaneho.

- A depensibong driver ay alam na hindi lang siya ang

gumagamit ng kalsada.

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CONCEPTS OF DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Point A
Point A
The
ThePerfect
PerfectTrip
Trip Point B
Point B
Point A The Perfect Trip Point B

Elements of a Perfect Trip:

a.) No Traffic Violations

b.) Excellent Driving Attitude (Road Courtesy)

c.) No Vehicle Breakdown

d.) No Traffic Delays

e.) Zero Accident

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SIX ELEMENTS OF DEFENSIVE DRIVING
1.) KNOWLEDGE – in traffic laws, road safety & defensive driving
techniques.

2.) ALERTNESS – Focus and concentration in driving.

3.) FORESIGHT – ability to see and plan ahead.

4.) JUDGMENT – ability to make correct decisions immediately

during critical moments.

5.) SKILL – in operating your vehicle effectively in basic

and emergency situations.

6.) ATTITUDE - pertains to the over-all driving habits of the

driver.
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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

1. DRIVER CONDITION

- This pertains to the over-all physical, mental and

emotional state of the driver in operating a motorized
vehicle.
- The most important of all the conditions!
- A driver must never drive a vehicle under the following
circumstances;
a.) Sleepy or tired/over-fatigued
b.) Sick or not feeling well
c.) Emotionally disturbed or angry
d.) Worried or in a bad mood
e.) Under the influence of liquor or illegal drugs

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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

2. VEHICLE CONDITION

- This pertains to the road worthiness of the vehicle being

operated.
- A poorly maintained vehicle is more prone to
breakdown or stalling and worst – ACCIDENT!
- A driver must never drive a vehicle that is not properly
checked and maintained.
- Always conduct pre-trip inspection or check vehicle
before driving.

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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS
PRE-TRIP INSPECTION CHECKLIST GUIDE

T – Tire (check pressure, thread, ply, spare tire)

H – Horn (check if functioning, adjust sound)
E – Engine ( check for any leak or sign of overheating)

B – Battery (check solution or connection)

L – Light (check all light if functioning)
O – Oil (check oil level or leak under the hood)
W – Water (check water level in radiator)
B – Brake System (check brake pad, brake fluid level)
A – Air Pressure (check for air leak)
G – Gasoline, Gauges (check fuel level, all gauges if properly
functioning)

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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS
PRE-TRIP INSPECTION CHECKLIST GUIDE

E – Early Warning Devices

T – Tools

S – Self

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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

3. WEATHER CONDITION

- Bad weather condition will affect the visibility of driver.

- During this condition, increase your following distance.
- Always check your wiper if properly functioning.
- Keep your windshield clean and clear.
- Constantly check your brakes by slightly pumping them
especially after going over puddles of water to squeeze
out excess water from the braking system.
- During heavy downpour and zero-visibility occurs, stop
your vehicle in a safe place and continue driving only if
the weather has improved.

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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

4. ROAD CONDITION

- This pertains to various conditions such as slippery, downhill,

uphill, narrow, blinds, curves, winding or rough roads.

- During this condition, always do the following to avoid

accidents;
a.) Be alert to the slope surface and shoulder of the road.
b.) Reduce speed under slippery condition.
c.) Slow down in curves, blind corners or on rough roads.
d.) Follow road signs and lane markings

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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

5. LIGHT CONDITION

- Driving during daytime or night time.

- It is more dangerous to drive during the night due to dark
environment especially if roads are not properly lighted.
- During this condition, always do the following to avoid
accidents;
a.) Drive slowly and be alert at all times.
b.) Be sure that all your lights are properly working.
c.) Be on guard of pedestrians and bikers.
d.) Avoid looking directly to the approaching vehicle’s
headlights.
e.) Remember that other motorists have difficulty also in
seeing, so make sure they can see you.
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SIX PRINCIPAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

6. TRAFFIC CONDITION

- A situation wherein roads or streets are congested with a lot

of vehicles or pedestrians.
- Major cause of irritations, misunderstandings, altercations.
- During this condition, always do the following;
a.) Plan your trip ahead and avoid congested areas.
b.) Relax and keep your temper in check.
c.) Follow the flow of traffic and do not counter-flow unless
authorized by a traffic officer.
d.) Do not swerve to the right or left and cut other vehicles.
e.) Yield to the right of way of pedestrians and other road
users to avoid conflict.

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 RULES ON RIGHT OF WAY

1. Same Time Rule - at all intersections without stop or yield signs

or with stop signs in all directions, yield to the
vehicle on your right if it has reached the
intersection at the same time as your vehicle.
2. First Vehicle Rule - at all intersections without stop or yield signs
slow down and prepare to stop, yield to the
vehicles already in the intersection or about to
enter it.

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 RULES ON RIGHT OF WAY

3. Give the Right-of-Way to Emergency Vehicles - One should

yield the right-of-way to police cars, fire trucks, ambulances and
other emergency vehicles which are sounding a siren or bell or
flashing a red light by pulling to the edge of the roadway and
stopping. In the event traffic is so congested as to prevent you
from safely doing so, slow down and leave a clear path for the
emergency vehicles.

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 SEATBELT ACT OF 1999 – R.A. 8750
1. Always use your seatbelt once inside your vehicle
before driving to serve as your protection when
accident occurs.
2. Make sure that your passenger is also wearing
seatbelt.
3. Lives can be saved by wearing seatbelt. (Video on
Seatbelt use)

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SEATBELT ACT OF 1999 – R.A. 8750

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 SAFE DRIVING HABITS

12 – 15 Seconds Scanning

Blind Spot

Blind Spot YOU Safe following distance Truck/Bus

Blind Spot

- Always scan your surroundings while driving

- Avoid looking in one direction only

- Look to your left, right and rear view mirrors
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 CUSHION OF SAFETY

- You should be aware of your blind spots.

- Apply the 4 – Second Rule for safe following distance
- Apply the 2 – Second Delay before moving your vehicle
at intersections (look to your left & right)

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 TIPS ON DEFENSIVE DRIVING

1.) Always maintain your appropriate lane

2.) Always show your intentions when passing or
overtaking (Use of signal lights)
3.) Always observe road courtesy to other motorists,
pedestrians and traffic enforcers
4.) Always obey traffic signs, signals and road lane
markings
5.) Relax and keep your cool during traffic
6.) Always follow designated speed limit

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 DOCTRINE OF LAST CLEARANCE

 Means that the driver who is in a better

position to prevent the accident shoulders
the responsibility of preventing the accident.

 Ang kahulugan ay ang isang driver na nasa

tamang posisyon na maiwasan ang
aksidente ay nasa balikat niya ang
responsibilidad na iwasan ang aksidente.
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DRIVE SAFELY & DEFENSIVELY....
IT WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE &
OTHERS!

MAX

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