Catharanthus flower & Diabetes

Is prepared by :-
Abdullah Mahmoud Ragab
Abdalla Abbas Borai
Abdelrahman Mohy Elden Mohamed
Abdullah Samy Ahmed
Under supervision of : -
Dr. Mohammed Said
• Name : Catharanthus flower - ‫زهرة كتارنتوس‬
Origin : Catharanthus roseus
• Family : Apocynaceae
• they are known commonly as periwinkles.
• There are eight known species. Seven are endemic to
Madagascar, though one, C. roseus, is widely naturalized
around the world. The eighth species, C. pusillus, is native
to India and Sri Lanka.

Flower:-
Kind : Complete – Actinomorphic – Hermaphrodite
Insertion : Pedicellate
Perianth : Differentiated into calyx and corolla
Shape :-
The flower is white to dark pink with a darker red
centre with a basal tube
Flowers borne in leaf axils, either singly or paired on
very short stalks
Floral formula :-

K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)

Calyx Corrola
Colour Green White & Pink with darker
red centre
Cohesion gamosepalous gamopetalous

Number 5 united 5 united

Description Glandular, valvate Salver-shaped, with throat
of the corolla tube hairy
forming a corona, twisted,
inferior
Insertion hypogenous hypogenous
Androecium
Number 5 stamens (pentandreous)

Adhesion epipetalous

Insertion hypogenous

Anther Sagittate, dithecous, dorsifixed, introrse

Filament short
Gynoecium
Number 2 carpels (bicarpellary)
Insertion Superior
Cohesion Syncarpous but sometimes apocarpous (free)
Ovary Free at the base, but united at the stigmatic
region, unilocular
Placentation marginal
Stigma Dumbell shaped
Style filiform
A.C. :-
 Contains alkaloids like vindoline (the principal component
up to 0.5%), other compounds are serpentine,
catharanthine, ajmalicine (raubasine), akuammine,
lochnerine, lochnericine and tetrahydroalstonine.
 is a main source of vinca alkaloids, The plant produces
about 130 of these compounds, including vinblastine and
vincristine, two drugs used to treat cancer.
Uses :-
• A decoction of all parts of Catharanthus roseus is well
known as an oral hypoglycaemic agent

• The decoction is also taken to treat malaria, dengue fever,

diarrhoea, diabetes, cancer and skin diseases,

• Is also taken to relieve indigestion, dyspepsia, dysentery,

toothache and the effects of wasp stings, and as an
emetic, purgative, vermifuge and depurative.
Uses :-
• Alkaloids extracted from the aerial parts of Catharanthus
roseus are marketed as lyophylisates (solutions of salts)
designed for intravenous application.

• Vincristine is indicated in the treatment of acute

leukaemia, Hodgkin’s disease, small-cell lung cancer,
cervical and breast cancer and various sarcomas.

• Extracts of the dried flowers, dried leaves or fresh roots

have shown antibacterial activity against some human
pathogens.
 Diabetes
What is Diabetes ?
- Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also
called blood sugar, is too high.

Blood glucose is your main source of energy and comes from the
food you eat.

- Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from

food get into your cells to be used for energy. Sometimes your
body doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin or doesn’t use
insulin well. Glucose then stays in your blood and doesn’t reach
your cells.
Causes of Diabetes
Causes of Diabetes
 Different types of Diabetes
1- Type 1 diabetes
Your body does not make insulin
Your immune system attacks and
destroys the cells in your pancreas that
make insulin.

It is usually diagnosed in children and

young adults , although it can appear at
any age. People with type 1 diabetes
need to take insulin every day to stay
alive.
 Different types of Diabetes
2- Type 2 diabetes
Your body does not use insulin well
this type of diabetes occurs most often
in middle-aged and older people. Type
2
is the most common type of diabetes.

3- Gestational diabetes
Develops in some women when they are
pregnant. Most of the time, this type of
diabetes goes away after the baby is
born.
 Pre-Diabetes
- Many more people have blood sugar levels
above the normal range, but not high
enough
to be diagnosed as having diabetes.

- When you have pre Diabetes, that system

doesn't work as well as it should. You might
not be able to make enough insulin after
eating, or your body might not respond to
insulin properly.

- It's very important for diabetes to be

diagnosed as early as possible because it
will get progressively worse if left
untreated.
 Health problems can people with
diabetes develop
• heart disease
• kidney disease
• Stroke
• eye problems
• dental disease
• nerve damage
• foot problems
 When to see a doctor
• feeling very thirsty

• urinating more frequently than usual,

particularly at night

• feeling very tired

• weight loss and loss of muscle bulk

• itching around the penis or vagina, or

frequent episodes of thrush

• cuts or wounds that heal slowly

• blurred vision
Herbs for treating Diabetes

Aloe vera (‫(األلوفيرا‬

Cinnamon )‫(قرفة‬

Bitter melon (‫(الحنظل‬

Fenugreek (‫(الحلبة‬

Catharanthus (‫)كتارنتوس‬
 Reference

- Khanacademy.com
- medlineplus.gov
- Nhs.uk
- Biologydiscussion