HIGH SPEED OHE

OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS
― ISSUES
― CHALLENGES
― OPTIONS
Presented by –
J. N. LAL
SENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
(TRACTION INSTALLATION)
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

RAILWAY SYSTEM
 ENERGY EFFICIENT
TRANSPORT TYPE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
(MEGAJOULE/TKM)
ROAD TRANSPORT 1.2 – 8.0
RAIL 0.6

 TRANSPORT FOR MASS MOVEMENT

VEHICLE TYPE PERMITTED AXLE LOAD

(TONNES/AXLE)
ROAD 8.0
RAIL 25 - 30

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
OF
RAILWAY SYSTEM
 PASSENGER TRAINS

 EMITS 10 TIMES LESS GREEN HOUSE

GASES THAN ROAD PASSENGER
VEHICLE

 FREIGHT RAIL VEHICLE

 EMITS 27 TIMES LESS GREEN HOUSE

GASES THAN ROAD VEHICLE
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
HIGH SPEED
ROAD VEHICLE

 CAN OFFER 110 – 120 KMPH

SPEED

HIGH SPEED TRAINS

 OFFER MUCH FASTER SERVICE

THAN ROAD VEHICLE
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
ELECTRIC TRACTION IN INDIA
ENERGY EFFICIENT
SYSTEM SECTION INTRODUC
VOLTAGE ED DURING
550 VOLTS DC CALCUTTA TRAMWAYS 1905
1500 VOLTS DC VICTORIA TERMINUS – 03.02.1925
KURLA HARBOUR LINE
3000 VOLTS DC HOWRAH – 14.12.1957
SHEORAPHULI
25 KV AC KENDPOSI – 15.12.1959
RAJKHARSAWAN
2 X 25 KV AT BINA – KATNI 16.01.1995

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR SYSTEM

 AS COMMISSIONED DURING EARLY

ELECTRIFICATION ON 15.12.1959
 CATENARY WIRE: 65 sq. mm
(MESSENGER WIRE)

 CONTACT WIRE: 107 sq. mm

(CONTACT LINE)

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 PRESENT SCENARIO
PRESENT STATUS OF ELECTRIFICATION
(UPTO 31.03.2012)
TOTAL ROUTE KILOMETRE 67346:
TOTAL ELECTRIFIED ROUTE KILOMETRE :
22,224
(33%)
TRAFFIC CARRIED BY ELECTRIC TRACTION
(2011-12)
FREIGHT TRAFFIC : 64.3%
PASSENGER SERVICES : 51%
ELECTRIC ENERGY BILL PAID : 38%
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 DEVELOPMENT OF FREIGHT WAGONS
PERIOD TYPE OF WAGONS AXLE LOAD SPEED
(TONNES) (KMPH)
1950 4 WHEELER 16.25 65
1960 8 WHEELER 20.32 75
(VACCUM BREAK)
1980 8 WHEELER BOXN, 20.32 80/100
BCNA (AIR BREAK)
1996 CONTAINER --- 100
1997 WAGON
(BLCA/BLCB)
2006 8 WHEELER 22.9 65
(BCNHL)
2006 8 WHEELER 22.9 100
(BOXNHL)
FUTURE 8 WHEELER 25 110
DEVELOPMENT BOXNHL
IN FUTURE 32.5 110
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 EVOLUTION OF PAY LOAD FOR BOXN
TAKING OFF PERMISSIBLE NUMBER STANDARD
PERIOD CARRYING OF WAGONS RAKE LOAD
(FROM) CAPACITY IN A RAKE (PAY LOAD)
(TONNES) (TONNES)
1975 CC 30 BOX ---
TRAIN LOAD INTRODUCED ON 01.01.1982
01.01.1982 - - 1500
01.05.1993 - - 3000
15.01.1997 CC+2 (60.8) 58 BOX N 3526
07.11.2004 CC+4 (62.8) 58 BOX N 3642
10.05.2005 CC+8 (66.8) 58 BOX N 3874
01.07.2007 67 58 BOX N 3886
2009 67 59 BOX N 3953
01.08.2011 68 59 BOX N 4012

INSTRUCTION FOR STANDARD RAKE LOAD (PAY LOAD)

ISSUED BY RAILWAY BOARD

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 PERFORMANCE: FREIGHT TRAFFIC

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION 11

 SPEED POTENTIAL
OF
PASSENGER COACHES/TRAINS
PERIOD MAXIMUM COACH
PERMISSIBLE
SPEED
(KMPH)
1955 96 IRS COACH
1965 105 ICF-ALL COIL
1971 130 RAJDHANI
INTRODUCED
1988 140 SHATABDI
INTRODUCED
2001 160 LHB COACH

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

PERFORMANCE: PASSENGER TRAFFIC

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION 13

 DEVELOPMENT OF TRACK TECHNOLOGY

Axle Load
34
Axle Load (tonnes)

32 32.5
Axle Load
Railway
30 (DFC)

28
26
25
24
4800 rkm
22.9 (7.6% of Total rkm)
22
26000 rkm
20 20.3 (41% of Total rkm)

1950 2005 2006 Future

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

ADOPTION OF HIGHER RAIL SECTIONS

PERIOD RAIL SECTION

EARLIER 74 UTS
50R, 60R, 75R, 890R
1961-62 IRS 52 Kg RAIL
SECTIONS DEVELOPED
1975-76 UIC 60 Kg RAIL
SECTION WAS
ADOPTED
2009 68 Kg RAIL SECTION
2001 160

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 ADOPTING LONGER LENGTH

PERIOD RAIL SECTION

EARLIER 13 METRES RAIL
2004-05 65 m/78 m LONG RAIL
COMMENCED
2005-06 SUPPLY OF 130 m/ 260
m LONG RAIL
COMMENCED
2009 68 Kg RAIL SECTION

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

INTRODUCTION OF HIGHER HORSE POWER
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
PERIOD SPEED HORSE ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL POWER LOCOMOTIVE
(KMPH) TYPE
1960 80 2870 WAM1
1967 3150
1970 120 3400 WAM4
1983 130 3850 WAP1,
105 WAG5
1991 140 5000 WAP4,
100 WAG7
1993 100 6120 WAG9, WAP7
DFCCIL 100 9000
FUTURE 100 12000

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC LOCOS

Electric Locomotive Horsepower

13000

11000 12000
Horsepower

9000
9000
7000

5000 6000
5000
3000 4000
3150 3400
2900
1000
1958 1967 1970 1983 1991 1993 DFC Future

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR SYSTEM

 AS ON 01.02.2012
(EVEN AFTER 53 YEARS OF COMMISSIONING)

 CATENARY WIRE: 65 sq. mm

(MESSENGER WIRE)

 CONTACT WIRE: 107 sq. mm

(CONTACT LINE)

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 EVOLUTION OF TRACTION POWER DENSITY
SECTION POWER DENSITY PRESENT
DURING INITIAL POWER
COMMISSIONING DENSITY
(MVA/RKM) (MVA/RKM)
HOWRAH-NEW DELHI 0.18 0.53/0.57*
NEW DELHI- IGATPURI- 0.24 0.48/0.56*
MUMBAI CST
NEW DELHI- KOTA-MUMBAI 0.19 0.46/0.49*
CENTRAL
HOWRAH-VISHAKHAPATNAM- 0.32 0.46/0.63*
CHENNAI
MUMBAI CST- PUNE-CHENNAI SECTION UNDER
ELECTRIFICATION.
HOWRAH-NAGPUR-MUMBAI 0.28 0.51/0.66*
CST
NEW DELHI-NAGPUR-CHENNAI 0.29 0.46/0.56*
* TRACTION POWER DENSITY OF THE SECTION WHILE TRACTION
TRANSFORMERS ARE WORKING WITH OIL NATURAL AIR FORCED
COOLING CONDITION.
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
SUMMARY OF POPULATION OF TRACTION SUB-STATION
SECTION Route Traction Sub-Station (Nos.)
(Km)
Initially Existing Additional Total
Constructed Augmented Constructed
Howrah-New 1447 21 26 18 39
Delhi
New Delhi- 1544 27 22 9 36
Igatpuri- Mumbai
CST
Churchgate - 1393 21 18 9 28
Mumbai Central-
New Delhi
Howrah- 1662 31 15 4 35
Vishakhapatnam-
Chennai
Mumbai CST- 1283 Electrification of complete section is in
Pune-Chennai progress

Howrah-Nagpur- 1968 40 20 13 53
Mumbai CST
New Delhi- 2184 44 32 4 48
Nagpur-Chennai
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
SPACING BETWEEN SUBSTATIONS
 DEPENDING UPON THE TRACTION POWER
REQUIREMENT,
 EITHER EXISTING TRACTION SUB-STATIONS HAS
BEEN AUGMENTED (FROM 10 MVA TO 21.6/30.24
MVA AND FURTHER TO 30/40 MVA)
OR
 ADDITIONAL TRACTION SUB-STATION HAS BEEN
ADDED

 SPACING BETWEEN TWO TRACTION SUB-STATION HAS

BEEN REDUCED FROM 70 KMS TO 20 KMS (APPROX.)

 FURTHER REDUCTION OF TRACTION SUB-STATION

SPACING WILL HAVE ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE
PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE AND
THEREBY ON TRAIN OPERATION.

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 HIGH SPEED OHE
OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS

―ISSUES

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
ISSUES
 ACCOMODATION OF HIGHER SPEED ON
EXISTING OVERHEAD INFRASTRUCTURES

 MEETING POWER QUALITY NORMS WHILE

INCREASING TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY OF
TRACTION SUB-STATIONS

 INCREASING FAILURE TOLERANCE OF

TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 ACHIEVING HIGHER SYSTEM RELIABILITY

 REDUCING LAND REQUIREMENT FOR

HIGHER TRACTION POWER DELIVERY
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 HIGH SPEED OHE
OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS

―CHALLENGES

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
CHALLENGES (160 KMPH)
1. FOR ONE/ TWO TRAINS
 REPLACEMENT OF CONTACT WIRE
107 sq. mm 150 sq. mm
(WITH 1200 Kgf TENSION IN CATENARY &
CONTACT WIRE)

 CHANGE OF DROPPER SCHEDULE

(WITH 50 mm PRE SAG)
 MULTI ZONE PROTECTION SYSTEM

2. FOR REGULAR SERVICES

 ADOPTION OF 2X25 kV AT SYSTEM

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
CHALLENGES (200 KMPH)
1. ADOPTION OF 2X25 kV AT SYSTEM

2. ADOPTION OF LIGHT BRACKET ASSEMBLIES

3. ADJUST THE CONTACT WIRE GRADIENT

(FROM 3 mm TO 2 mm/meter – ABSOLUTE)
(FROM 1.5 mm TO 1 mm/meter – RELATIVE)

4. MAINTAIN MINIMUM DROPPER LENGTH

(500 mm)

VALIDATION OF OHE

BY EN-50317, EN-50318 & EN-50367

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 HIGH SPEED OHE
OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS

―OPTIONS

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
OPTIONS – CORPORATE IMPERATIVE
TO INCREASE THROUGHPUT
 TO MEET THE PUBLIC NEED

 TO COPE UP WITH INCREASED GDP OF THE

COUNTRY

 TO BOOST UP THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRY

 FOR SURVIVAL OF IR IN THE TRANSPORT

SECTOR

CONTINUE . . .
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
 HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
OPTIONS – CORPORATE IMPERATIVE
ACTION POINTS

 MAIL EXPRESS AT 160 KMPH

200 KMPH

 PASSENGER SERVICES AT 100 KMPH

(MEMU – 18 COACH RAKE)

 GOODS SERVICES AT 100 KMPHS

(WITH HIGHER AXLE LOAD–25 TONNES/32.5 TONNES)

 INCREASE OF PAYLOAD TO TARE RATIO

 INTRODUCTION OF LIGHT WEIGHT COACHES

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

 THE ETERNAL QUESTION

• “YAKSHA PRASHNA” (THE ETERNAL QUESTION):

– “WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE SURPRISE?”
• YUDHISHTIR ANSWERED:
– “THE MOST IMPORTANT AND VALUABLE FACTORS
ARE MOST HIDDEN AND FORGOTTEN”
• WHAT WE SEE?
– WE SEE AND APPRECIATE THE MODERN RAILWAYS BUT
NOT THE TECHNOLOGICAL EXCELLENCE.
– WE SEE SUCCESS STORY OF ELECTRIC TRACTION
ON IR BUT NOT THE NEED TO CONTINUALLY
UPGRADE THE TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.

RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION