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Figure 8.1
The Metabolic Fate of Food
Figure 8.3
Metabolic Pathways
A sequence of reactions that convert compounds from one
form to another in the production of energy
Different nutrients follow different pathways
All pathways eventually converge into a pathway called the
TCA cycle
Figure 8.4
Enzymes and Hormones
Enzymes allow chemical reactions of metabolism to occur
at rates sufficient to maintain normal body function
Coenzymes assist enzymes
Hormones regulate anabolic and catabolic reactions
Transforms
compounds to
Builds new adenosine
compounds triphosphate
(ATP)
Disassembles
macronutrients
Pyruvate
• Reduce to lactate during anaerobic metabolism
• Converted to acetyl CoA during aerobic metabolism
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cellular Respiration Stage II: The TCS Cycle
Second stage of aerobic respiration in which two pyruvate
(pyruvic acid) molecules from the first stage react to form
ATP, NADH, and FADH2; also known as the Krebs cycle.
The Krebs cycle starts with pyruvic acid from glycolysis.
Before the Krebs cycle begins, pyruvic acid, which has
three carbon atoms, is split apart and combined with an
enzyme known as coenzyme A (CoA). The product of this
reaction is a two-carbon molecule called acetyl-CoA. The
third carbon from pyruvic acid combines with oxygen to
form carbon dioxide, which is released as a waste product.
High-energy electrons are also released and captured in
NADH.