using PLC AUTOMATION OR AUTOMATIC CONTROL, IS THE USE OF VARIOUS CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR OPERATING EQUIPMENT SUCH AS MACHINERY, PROCESSES IN FACTORIES, BOILERS AND HEAT TREATING OVENS, SWITCHING IN TELEPHONE NETWORKS, AND AIRCRAFT AND OTHER APPLICATIONS WITH MINIMAL OR REDUCED HUMAN EFFORT. SOME PROCESSES HAVE BEEN COMPLETELY AUTOMATED. A RELAY IS AN ELECTRICALLYT OPERATED SWITCH. MANY RELAYS USE AN ELECTROMAGNET TO MECHANICALLY OPERATE A SWITCH, BUT OTHER OPERATING PRINCIPLES ARE ALSO USED, SUCH AS SOLID-STATE RELAYS. RELAYS ARE USED WHERE IT IS NECESSARY TO CONTROL A CIRCUIT BY A LOW- POWER SIGNAL (WITH COMPLETE ELECTRICAL ISOLATION BETWEEN CONTROL AND CONTROLLED CIRCUITS), OR WHERE SEVERAL CIRCUITS MUST BE CONTROLLED BY ONE SIGNAL. RELAYS ARE SWITCHES THAT OPEN AND CLOSE CIRCUITS ELECTROMECHANICALLY OR ELECTRONICALLY. RELAYS CONTROL ONE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BY OPENING AND CLOSING CONTACTS IN ANOTHER CIRCUIT. WHEN A RELAY CONTACT IS NORMALLY OPEN (NO), THERE IS AN OPEN CONTACT WHEN THE RELAY IS NOT ENERGIZED. WHEN A RELAY CONTACT IS NORMALLY CLOSED (NC), THERE IS A CLOSED CONTACT WHEN THE RELAY IS NOT ENERGIZED. IN EITHER CASE, APPLYING ELECTRICAL CURRENT TO THE CONTACTS WILL CHANGE THEIR STATE. A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER, PLC OR PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER IS A DIGITAL COMPUTER USED FOR AUTOMATION OF TYPICALLY INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. PLCS ARE USED IN MANY INDUSTRIES AND MACHINES. PLCS ARE DESIGNED FOR MULTIPLE ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUT ARRANGEMENTS. REDUCED SPACE. IMPROVED QUALITY.
ZERO HUMAN ERROR
ENERGY SAVING.
EASE OF MAINTENANCE . GREATER LIFE (45-50 YRS)& RELIABILITY.
TREMENDOUS FLEXIBILITY.
SHORTER PROJECT TIME.
EASIER STORAGE, ARCHIVING AND DOCUMENTATION.
COMMUNICATION CAPABILITIES. THE LANGUAGE USED FOR PLC PROGRAMMING IS LADDER LOGIC.
LADDER LOGIC IS A PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE THAT REPRESENTS A PROGRAM BY A GRAPHICAL DIAGRAM BASED ON THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS OF RELAY LOGIC HARDWARE. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System. SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) is an industrial automation control system at the core of many modern industries, including: Energy Food and beverage Manufacturing Oil and gas Power Recycling Transportation Water and waste water And many more