 Meneruskan beban konstruksi kelapisan

tanah yan berada dibawah pondasi.

 Beban yang diteruskan pondasi ketanah
tidak melampaui kekuatan tanah yang
bersangkutan.

Settlement

Terjadi keruntuhan geser

DIKATAKAN PONDASI DANGKAL BILA D/B < 4 atau 5

DIKATAKAN PONDASI MENERUS BILA L/B > 10

Ultimate Soil-Bearing
Capacity for Shallow
Foundation
West side of foundation sank 24-ft
Assumptions:
 Subsoil below foundation structure is
homogenous
 Shallow foundation Df < B
 Continuous, or strip, footing : 2D case
 Rough base
 Equivalent surcharge
Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas
 STRIP FOUNDATION
qult = c.Nc + q.Nq + 0.5..B.N
 SQUARE FOUNDATION
qult = 1.3.c.Nc + q.Nq + 0.4..B.N
 CIRCULAR FOUNDATION
qult = 1.3.c.Nc + q.Nq + 0.3..B.N
Where:  
 e 2  3 / 4  / 2  tan  
c = cohesion of soil Nc  cot    1
 2. cos 2      
q =  . Df ;   
 4 2  
Df = the thickness of foundation embedded In subsoil e 23 / 4 / 2 tan
Nq 
 = unit weight of soil   
2. cos 2   
B = foundation width  4 2
1  K py 
Nc, Nq, N = bearing capacity factors N    1  tan 
2  cos 2  
GENERAL
FAILURE
(GENERAL FAILURE)
• STRIP FOUNDATION
qult = 2/3.c.Nc’ + q.Nq’ + 0.5..B.N’
• SQUARE FOUNDATION
qult = 0.867.c.Nc’ + q.Nq’ + 0.4..B.N’
• CIRCULAR FOUNDATION
qult = 0.867.c.Nc’ + q.Nq’ + 0.3..B.N’
 
 e 23 / 4 '/ 2 tan ' 
Nc  cot  '   1
Where:  2. cos 2    
  
'
 
c = cohesion of soil  4 2  
e 23 / 4 '/ 2 tan '
q =  . Df ; Df = the thickness of foundation Nq 
  ' 
embedded on subsoil 2. cos 2   
4 2
 = unit weight of soil 1  K py 
N    1 tan  '
B = foundation width 2  cos  ' 
2

Nc, Nq, N = bearing capacity factors ’ = tan-1 (2/3. tan)

(LOCAL FAILURE)
1. Modify ′zD
2. Calculate ′ as follows:

   b    w
1. No change in ′zD
2. Calculate ′ as follows:

  Dw  D  
      w 1    
  B 
1. No change in ′zD
2. No change in ′


STRONGER SOIL
UNDERLAIN BY
WEAKER SOIL
  2ca H  2
2D f  K s tan 1 
qu  qb      1H 1      1H
 B   H  B 

qb  c2 N c ( 2) Fcs ( 2 )   1 D f  H N q ( 2) Fqs( 2 )   2 BN  ( 2) Fs ( 2 )

1
2

1
q1  c1 N c (1)   1 BN  (1)
2
1
q2  c2 N c ( 2 )   2 BN  ( 2 )
2
  2c H   2D f  K s tan 1 
qu  qb   a    1H 2 1      1H  qt
 B   H  B 

qb  c2 N c ( 2) Fcs ( 2 )   1 D f  H N q ( 2) Fqs( 2 )   2 BN  ( 2) Fs ( 2 )

1
2
1
qt  c1 N c (1) Fcs (1)   1 D f N q (1) Fqs(1)   1 BN  (1) Fs (1)
2

Rectangular Foundation
 B  2c H   B  2D f  K s tan 1 
qu  qb  1   a    1H 2 1  1      1H  qt
 L  B   L  H  B 

1
q1  c1 N c (1)   1 BN  (1)
2
1
q2  c2 N c ( 2 )   2 BN  ( 2 )
2
 Meyerhof’s Theory

Df

qu  c.Nc.Fcs .Fcd .Fci  q.Nq.Fqs .Fqd .Fqi  (0.5). .B.N .Fs .Fd .Fi
  
Nq  tan 2  45  e . tan
 2
Nc   Nq  1 cot 
N  2( Nq  1) tan 
Meyerhof’s step by step procedure:
 Determine the effective dimensions of the foundation as :
B’ = effective width = B – 2e
L’ = effective length = L
Note:
› if the eccentricity were in the direction of the length of the foundation,
the value of L’ would be equal to L-2e and the value of B’ would be B.
› The smaller of the two dimensions (L’ and B’) is the effective width of the
foundation

 Determine the ultimate bearing capacity

qu  c.Nc.Fcs .Fcd .Fci  q.Nq.Fqs .Fqd .Fqi  0,5. .B.N .Fs .Fd .Fi
to determine Fcs, Fqs, Fs use effective length and effective width
to determine Fcd, Fqd, Fd use B

 The total ultimate load that the foundation can sustain is

Qult = qu’.B’.L’ ; where B’xL’ = A’ (effective area)
 The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure is
FS = Qult/Q
 Check the factor of safety against qmax, or,
FS = qu’/qmax
 Bearing Pressure
 Gross Bearing Pressure (q)
 Net Bearing Pressure(q´)
 Bearing Capacity
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qult)
 Allowable Bearing Capacity (qa)
 Column Load

 Wall Load

Dimana:
A : Luas pondasi
B : Lebar pondasi
L : Panjang podasi
 Net Bearing Pressure (q´)

q  q   zo
 Floating Foundation
 When q´ = 0
 Example: Student Center Building at MIT
 Estimated without floatation settlement = 1.0ft
and settlement with partial floatation was 2-3
inches
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW
FOUNDATION
 qu

qall
FS qnet (u )  qu  q
qnet ( u )
qall ( net ) 
FS
q   .D f
Where:
qu = gross ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundation
qall = gross allowable bearing capacity of shallow foundation
qnet(u) = net ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundation
Qall(net) = net allowable bearing capacity of shallow foundation
PROCEDURE:
1. Find the developed cohesion and the angle of
friction
c  tan  
cd  d  tan 1   FSshear = 2.0 – 3.0
FS shear  FSshear 

2. Calculate the gross allowable bearing capacity

(qall) according to terzaghi equation with cd and d
as the shear strength parameters of the soil
Ex.: qall = cd.Nc + q.Nq + ½ .B.N
Where Nc, Nq, N = bearing capacity factor for the friction angle, d
3. Find the net allowable bearing capacity (qall(net))
qall(net) = qall - q
Minimum Factor of Safety