GROUP MEMBERS…

NAME OF THE STUDENTS CLASS

SWAYAM JENA(GROUP LEADER) IX-C
SAI MANMOHAN MOHANTY IX-A

DEBENDU BEHERA IX-C

DEPENDU BEHERA IX-C

ABHINANDAN PANDA IX-C

SAMBIT S.S.S. PRADHAN IX-A

 Why
WhyIIChose
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ThisProject?
Project?
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topics
topicsbybypreparing
preparingan anadhesive
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studyingits
itsproperties.
properties.
 INTRODUCTION TO THIS
INNOVATION…
• Adhesives :–
Adhesives are substances which are capable of holding materials
together in a functional manner by surface attachment that resists
separation.
• Uses of Adhesives
• We use adhesives in our lives to a large extent. The term
adhesives include cement, mucilage, glue and paste – terms
that are often used interchangeably for any organic material
which forms an adhesive bond. In this the nature, cause and
mechanism of adhesion is studied and an adhesive is prepared.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHESIVES
• The following are the characteristics of adhesives:-
• It should have a liquid surface tension that is lower than the
wetting tension of the substrate.
• It should be applied to a surface that is significantly rough to
improve adhesion.
• For polymeric substrates, the adhesive should be somewhat
mutually soluble allowing diffusion between the two to occur.
 THEORY OF ADHESION…
• Diffusion theory: The diffusion theory states that adhesion is a result
of the solubility of the adhesive to the substrate. When the adhesive is
applied to the substrate, it is suggested that a solution of the substrate
and adhesive is formed if the solubility characteristics are equal.
• Electrostatic theory: The electrostatic theory suggests that adhesion is
the result of differences in the electronegativities of adhering
materials.
• Mechanical theory: The mechanical theory describes adhesion in
terms of a physical interlocking of the adhesive with the substrate.
• Adsorption theory: Another theory regarding adhesion is the
adsorption theory. This is by far the most important theory regarding
adhesion. The process of adsorption is discussed in detail.
 Adsorption
Adsorption theory:
Adsorptiontheory:
theory:
• •The
Thephenomenon
phenomenon ofofhigher
higherconcentration
concentration ofofany
anymolecular
molecular
• The
species phenomenon
at the surface of higher
than in concentration
the bulk of a of
solid any
(or molecular
a liquid) isis
species at the surface
speciesasatadsorption. than in the bulk of a solid (or a liquid)
the surface than in the bulk of a solid (or a liquid) is
known
known
knownasasadsorption.
adsorption.
••Some examples are:
• Some examplesare:
Some examples are:
• •Charcoal
Charcoal when
when mixed
mixed with
with aacoloured
coloured solution
solutionofofsugar,
sugar, adsorbs
adsorbs
•
theCharcoal
colouring when mixed
matter and with
is useda coloured
as a solution
decolouriser. of sugar, adsorbs
the
thecolouring
colouringmatter
matterand andisisusedusedasasaadecolouriser.
decolouriser.
• •When
When aahot
hot crucible
crucibleisiscooled
cooled ininatmosphere,
atmosphere, aafilm
film ofofmoisture
moisture
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collects a
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water
vapour
vapour on the material of the crucible
vapouron onthe
thematerial
materialofofthe thecrucible
crucible
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADSORPTION
• Solids, particularly when finely divided, have a large surface area,
hence this behaviour is predominantly on solid surfaces.
• The solid that takes up a gas or vapour or a solute from solution, is
called adsorbent while the gas or the solute, which is held to the
surface of the solid is called adsorbate.
• The removal of adsorbed substance from a surface is called desorption
.When equilibrium is reached
• Rate of adsorption = Rate of desorption.
• In some cases, adsorption and absorption take place simultaneously
and it is difficult to determine the relative extent of adsorption and
absorption. The term sorption is widely is used in such cases.
 EXPERIMENT
• AIM:
To prepare adhesives from petrol and thermo Cole.
• APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Glass rod, Petrol, Thermocole, Beaker.
• CONDITIONS: The experiment was carried at normal room
temperature and pressure.
• PROCEDURE:
The procedure is as follows:-
• Take 50 ml of petrol using a burette in a clean and dry glass beaker.
• Now take the thermocole which has been cut into small pieces and
add slowly to petrol in the beaker.
• Stir continuously and keep on adding thermocole into the beaker.
• After a while no more thermocole dissolves in the petrol.
• Stop adding thermocole and allow it to stand for a few minutes.

• OBSERVATION:
• The beaker containing petrol now has a thick and coagulated mass in
it. This is the resultant adhesive.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANISM:
• Thermocole is basically polystyrene ( CH(C6H5) – CH2)n
• by structure. Petrol is chemically a mixture of hydrocarbons.
When thermocole is added to petrol, petrol acts as a solvent and
dissolves thermocole. When petrol is saturated with thermocole
we get a coagulated mass which is the adhesive. When we apply
this adhesive to a surface, molecules of the adhesive get
adsorbed on the surface. When we place another surface on the
first one, these two surfaces stick together as the adhesive
molecules bind to the second as well. Thus strong adhesive
attraction was formed between the two surfaces due to strong
adsorption.
 TESTS FOR ADHESION:

• The above adhesive was tested by applying it to various articles. It

was found to form a strong and excellent adhesive bond between
varieties of articles such as wood, plastic, paper etc. A graph was
plotted to show the extent of adhesion of different surfaces.
• It was found that the extent of adhesion was maximum for wood and
minimum for glass. Thus this adhesive was found to be most suitable
for usage on wooden articles.

RESULT:
• Thus an adhesive was prepared from thermocole and petrol.