Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management
2019/5/3 1
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Refuse Disposal/collection in Buildings
3. Transfer Station
4. Solid Waste Disposal Methods
5. Sanitary Landfills
6. Legislation of Waste Control/Management
7. Solid Waste Management Strategy in Hong Kong
8. Construction & Environment
9. Environmental Management System
10. Appendix 1 – Wastes
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Classification of Solid Wastes
• Domestic wastes
• Commercial wastes
• Industrial wastes including food-processing residue,
ash, plastic, package wastes, etc.
• Construction wastes
• Hospital wastes
• Bulky waste including trees, furniture, telephone poles,
etc.
• Hazardous wastes comprising of explosives,
radioactive materials, toxic material, etc.
• Others : marine mud, sludge, livestock, abattoir, PFA,
etc.
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Methods of Waste Disposal
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What are the problems with solid wastes ?
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What are the major solid wastes in HK ?
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How Construction Wastes are disposed of ?
• Reclamation (public dump)
• By landfills
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What are the major composition of Domestic Wastes ?
• Putrescibles
• Papers
• Plastics
• Others
• Textiles, metals, Glass, Bulky wastes
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What are the major composition of Industrial & Commercial
Wastes ?
• Papers
• Plastics
• Rattan/Wood
• Putrescibles
• Others
• Metals, glass, bulky wastes
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Disposal of chemical wastes
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What conclusion can you draw ?
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Use of Pre-treatment process
(see figure)
• Grinding
• Pulverizing
• Sorting
• Separating
• Compacting
• Reuse, Recycle
• Disposed of by landfill, incineration,
• Generate power
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Waste Recover in HK
• Papers, Metals
• Glass
• Rubber tyres
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What other countries are doing ?
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Solid Waste
Disposal Path
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Solid Waste Disposal Path
• Waste Collection
• Waste Reception & Transfer
• Waste disposal
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Waste Collection in Building
• Refuse chute
• Pneumatic system
• On-site incineration
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What are the pros and cons of the following
Waste Collection methods ?
• Refuse chute
• Pneumatic system
• On-site incineration
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Waste Reception & Transfer
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Solid Disposal Methods
• Open dumping
• Sanitary landfill
• Incineration
• Composting
• Pyrolysis
• High-temperature
• Size reduction (shredding, grinding
pulverizing)
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Transfer Station
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What are the functions of a transfer station ?
• Compaction
• Size reduction by grinding, shredding, pulverising
• Material recovery
• Loading for transportation
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What are the considerations of a transfer
station ?
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Transfer Station in HK
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Solid Waste Disposal Methods
• Open dumping
• Sanitary landfill
• Incineration
• Composting
• Pyrolysis
• High-temperature
• Size reduction
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Sanitary
Landfill
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Pros of Sanitary Landfill
• Process is sanitary
• Highly skilled personnel not required
• After restoration, landfill site can become recreational
land
• Natural resource returned to land
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Cons of Sanitary Landfill
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Selection of Landfill site
• Economic
• Socioeconomic
• Environmental/Geotechnical
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Process of Landfill
• Trench method – trucks dump the wastes
into trench and a bulldozer spreads &
compacts, and covers them at the end of
day
• Area method – bulldozers spread out the
waste and a scraper hauls the cover
materials
• Ramp method – the wastes are compacted
but the cover is excavated directly in front
of the working face
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What are the problems with landfill ?
• Groundwater contamination by
leachate
• Gas generation
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What is leachate ?
• Leachate is a liquid produced from
a landfill that contains dissolved,
suspended and/or microbial
contaminants from solid wastes
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How leachate can be contained ?
1. Provide soil cover and surface drainage to
prevent infiltration of rain
2. Liners to contain or attenuate the leachates
• CH4
• CO
• H2S
• N2
• NH4
• H2
• …
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How Gas Generation is controlled ?
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What Constitute a good landfill ?
1. Provide liner
2. Provide leachate collection system
3. No groundwater around site
4. Provide ground water monitoring
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Surface water protection
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Control of landfill gas
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On site health & safety
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Solid waste disposal
• Open dumping
• Sanitary landfill
• Incineration
• Composting
• Pyrolysis
• High-temperature
• Size reduction
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What is incineration ?
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What are the pros and cons of incineration ?
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What is composting ?
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What is pyrolysis ?
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What is high temperature Incineration ?
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Comparing the cost of incineration and
landfill
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Legislation for
Waste Management
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What are the legislation for Waste
Management
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Solid Waste
Management in HK
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Waste Management in HK
1. Municpal disposal by - 3 large landfills, 9 planned transfer
stations
2. Construction wastes disposal by - public dump for
reclamation after segregation, sorting and recycling. Also
adopt Polluters Pay Principle
3. 30% clinical waste by incineration and 70% by landfill
4. Marine mud by controlled dumping at specified seabed
5. Waste reduction Plan by
1. Waste minimisation by changes in people’s practice
2. Waste recovery and recycling
3. Reduce the volume of waste
4. Disposal in environmentally satisfactory ways
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Environment &
Construction
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Impact of Construction
1. Continuous reclamation 1. Cause changes to
ecosystem
2. Extraction of fossil fuel 2. Loss of forest
and minerals
3. Consumption of 3. Loss of cultivated land
resources
4. Construction activities 4. Air, noise, groundwater,
ozone pollution
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Measures to reduce Impact to
Environment
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What is a EMS
• EMS is a systematic approach for
implementing environment
management particularly at
organisation level.
• Through identifying, minimising,
preventing and managing the
environment impacts
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What does EMS consist ?
• 1. Environmental policy
• 2. Organisation Structure
• 3. Environmental Management
Programme
• 4. Audit of the programme &
system
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Why EMS ?
• Comply with legislation
• Demand from customers
• Competition
• Save cost
• Reduce risk
• Investment approval
• Pressure from environmentalists
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What is ISO14000 ?
• A series of standards on
environmental management
• ISO14001 set out the framework in
management system for
• tracking environmental
performance,
• setting objectives,
• developing procedures, and
• reviewing progress.
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END
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