Professional Documents
Culture Documents
a. Nose
Nose or naso or nasal is the first air channel, has two holes (rice
cavity), separated by nasal septum (septum rice).
b. Faring
The pharynx is a place of intersection between the respiratory
path and the food path, located beneath the base of the skull,
behind the nasal cavity, and the front mouth of the neck bone.
c. Larynx
The larynx or larynx is the airway and acts as a sound
formation, located in front of the pharynx to the height of the
cervical vertebra and into the trachea below it.
d. Trachea
The trachea or windpipe is a continuation of the larynx
formed by 16 to 20 rings consisting of horse-shaped bones
resembling a horse's hoop (letter C) inside is covered by a fluffy
mucous membrane called a ciliated cell, only moving outward .
e. Bronkus
Bronchus or throat branch is a continuation of the trachea,
there are 2 pieces that exist at the height of vertebra thoracic
vertebrae IV and V, have a structure similar to trachea and
coated by the same set type.
f. Lungs
The lungs are a body tool consisting mostly of bubbles (bubbles
of air or alveoli). This gelembug alveoli consists of epithelial and
endothelial cells. If the surface area is covered approximately 90
m².
Respiratory process
Next...
a. Lung stroke
Lung breathing is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
that occur in the lungs. Breathing through the lungs or external
breathing, oxygen is taken through the mouth and nose when
breathing oxygen enters through the trachea to the alveoli
associated with blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
b. Cell respiration
Lung and tissue gas transport
The partial pressure difference between O2 and CO2 emphasizes
that the key of O2 flows from the alveoli into the tissue through
the blood, whereas CO2 flows from the tissues into the alveoli
through the blood vessels.
C. ETIOLOGY
D. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
I. ASSESSMENT
1. Identity
a. Patient identity
Name : Ms. D
Age : 19 years
Islam
Female gender
Status : Student
Education : Strata 1
Tribe of Nations : Indonesia
Address : Kutabumi Rt 08/02, Tangerang
MRS Date : June 15, 2017
Assessment Date : June 17, 2017
Medical diagnosis: Bronchial asthma
Main complaints : Chest pain
b. Identity of Responsible Person
Name : Ny. K
Age : 60 years
Hub.dengan patient : Parents
Occupation : Prosperity
Address : Kutabumi Rt 08/02, Tangerang
2. Health Status
a. Current health status
1. The main complaint (when the MRS and current)
• When MRS : Patients complain of chest pain
• Current : Patients are short of breath and cough with
phlegm
• Self-made efforts
"The patient said it was done by taking Orsiprenaline (
Alupent) medicine from a pharmacy"
• Efforts made by others
"Patient says assisted with Nebulizer tool“
3. Allergies:
"Patients say have dust and cold allergy"
• When sick :Patients say that if they get sick they will
buy Orsiprenaline (Alupent) medicine but the patient is
always more assisted by Nebulizer tool and the patient
says if after the patient gets sick avoided from cigarette
smoke, dust or dirt and cold temperatures that can lead to
the exposure of more serious diseases to patients
b. Pattern of Nutrition-Metabolic
• Before illness :
- Food intake: Patients say at the time before the usual
eating habits, good appetite, rice, vegetables and side
dishes. Frequency of eating 3x / day. Preferred foods are
ice, chocolate and fruit, because patients suffering from
asthma then the client has a taboo to eat in the form of
chocolate and ice food, foods containing preservatives
are limited.- Intake fluid: Patients 5-7 glasses a day,
water
• When sick :
- Food intake : Patients say since sick appetite
decreased not even want to eat, eat only porridge only
and can only spend ½ portion of food only. How to eat it
must be fed. So his weight decreased- Intake fluid:
Patient only drank 3-4 glass / day, water
c. Patterns of Activity and Exercise
1) Activity
1) CHAPTER
• Before illness: Patients say before CHAPTER normal as
normal. Usually CHAPTER 2-3 x / day, in the morning and
evening, the color of yellowish feces and consistency of its
soft CHAPTER
• When sick: Patients say when the CHAPTER STD is still
normal as usual
2) BAK
• Before illness: Patients say before BAK illness is only 4-5x /
day. No difficulties experienced, clear urine color and typical
urine smell
• When sick: Patients say when the BAK disease is not normal
(decreased urine production) urine frequency 2-3x / day,
yellow color and typical urine smell
f. Pattern Roles and Responsibilities
Vital sign :
Nadi: 76x / min
Temperature: 35.8oC
TD: 100/60 mmHg
RR: 28x / min
Physical state :
1) The state of hair and head Inspection: simestris, no fall,
flat hair distribution, no lesions, oval head shape Palpation:
no lumps / swelling, bushy hair and strong / not fragile
9) Abdomen
Inspection : no stomach ascites, no lesions
Auscultation : Bowel sounds 12x / minute
Palpation : no tenderness in 4 quadrants
Percussion : sound of a tympanic sound
12) Genetalia
- State of labia majora and minora: clean, no secret.
5. Analysis Data
A. Data Analysis Table
No Dx Syntom Etiologi Problem
00032 DS : Breath Road Ineffectiveness of
- The client says chest pain Obstruction: Road Breath Clearing
is right and left - Foreign body in the
airway
- Clients complain of
- Restrained
shortness of breath secretions
- Client says he has cough Physiological:
accompanied by phlegm - Asthma
- Clients say dust and cold - Allergic airway
allergy
DO :
Vital sign :
TD: 100/60 mmHg
RR: 28x / min
- The client seemed to
gasp while breathing.
- Ronkhi breath
- The client appears to be
holding back pain
00002 DS: Less intake of Nutrition
- Clients say decreased eating imbalance: less
appetite than body needs
- Clients say eating out
½ servings
DO:
- BB / TB 43 kg / 155 cm
- Client seems weak - Eat
out ½ portion
Counseling
1. Build a therapeutic relationship based on mutual trust and mutual
respect
Rational: to establish a relationship of mutual trust and mutual
2. Help the patient to find a problem or situation that causes
distress
Rational: to calm and overcome situations that cause distress
3. Ask the patient to look for what they can / can not do related
to the events that occurred
Rational: to know to do related to perristiwa that happened
Muscle relaxation
1. Monitor the indicator of the absence of relaxed conditions,
such as movement, difficult breathing, difficulty breathing,
speech, and cough. Rational: to know the respiratory problems of
the patient
Anxiety reduction
1. Use a calm and convincing approach
Rational: to be patient calm and confident to the nurse
3. Ask the patient to identify what they can / can not do with
the event
Response results: patients can do related to the events that
occur
Muscle relaxation
1. Monitor the indicator of the absence of relaxed conditions,
such as movement, difficulty breathing, difficult breath,
speech, and cough.
Response results: found no pegging problems, difficult
breathing
2. Instruct the patient to breathe deeply and slowly and
exhale [release] tension
Response results: the patient feels more relaxed after
following the instructions of the nurse
Increased self-awareness
1.Divide the observations or thoughts about the patient's
behavior or response
Response results: after the observation the patient feels
better than before
Anxiety reduction
1.Using a calm and convincing approach
Response results: in order to reduce anxiety in patients
2.Identify in the event of anxiety level changes
Response results: know the occurrence of anxiety level
changes
Facilitation of learning