ANKUR SAINI

SHUNHAM ARORA
KHURSEED SAIFI
YUGANK SHARMA
WAMIQUE
 Introduction
 Design Principles
 Basic rules in the design of Japanese gardens
 Elements of Japanese Garden
 Types of Japanese Gardens
 The art of gardening is believed to be an important part of
Japanese culture for many centuries.
 The garden design in Japan is strongly connected to the
philosophy and religion of the country.
 Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism were used in the creation of
different garden styles in order to bring a spiritual sense to
the gardens and make them places where people could
spend their time in a peaceful way and meditate.
 Natural: that should make the garden look as if it grew by itself
 Asymmetry: that creates the impression of it being natural
 Odd numbers: It supports the effect of the asymmetry
 Simplicity: that follows the idea of 'less is more'
 Triangle: that is the most common shape for compositions made
of stones, plants, etc.
 Contrast: that creates tension between elements
 Lines: that can create both tranquillity(shanti) and tension
 Curves: that softens the effect
 Openness: that indicates interaction between all elements
• Ponds, waterfalls, wells,
bridges (real or symbolic)
• Stepping stones, Garden
paths
• Stone water basins, stone
lanterns
• Garden plants and trees
• Fences and walls
• Stones
•It represents the sea, lake, pond
or river in nature.
•Non geometrical in appearance;
in order to preserve the natural
shapes, man- made ponds are
asymmetrical.
• The bank of the pond is usually
bordered by stones
•A fountain is sometimes found at
the bottom of a hill or hillside or
secluded forest.
•Wells are sometimes found in a
Japanese garden.
 POND

WATERFALL
• Usually used in tea gardens.
• flat stepping stones served to
preserve the grass as well as
orient the viewer to a specific
visual experience.
• step- stones are found near
the veranda or entrance of the
house or tea room. The visitor
of the house or room is
expected to place his shoes on
the step- stone before
entering.
• Two kinds of stone water basins-
 kazari- chozubachi, which is kept
near the verandah
 tsukubai for tea garden
• Stone lanterns are placed besides
prominent water basins whose
luminance underscored the
unfinished beauty of the tea
aesthetic.
• A popular dwarf conifer
displaying dark green
needles on dense
branches.
• Useful slow-growing
evergreen for rock
gardens, mass plantings
and in groupings with
broadleaf plants.
• Makes a great container
specimen.
• Soft, bright silvery blue
foliage and forms a dense
shrub.
• The fine texture and
dense blue foliage add
interest and contrast to
the landscape.
• Works well for a low
hedge, or foundation or
container plant.
Evergreen
 Light green spring growth
matures to deep black-green in
summer and forms a dense,
irregular pyramid.
 An interesting evergreen
specimen suitable for a wide
range of landscape styles
including Asian and formal
English gardens.
 Works well for smaller spaces
and large container plantings.
 Scientific Name: Abies Firma
 Habitat: Evergreen
 Texture: Coarse
 Height: 40’ to 70’
 Leaf: 1.5" dark green needles are notched at
base; sharp prickly point
 Flower/Fruit: 3.5 to 5" brown cones
 Scientific Name: Acer
capillipes
 Habit: Deciduous
 Growth Rate: Moderate
 Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; prefers moist,
well drained soil
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Round head; low
branches
 Height: 30 to 35’
 Flower/Fruit: Greenish white
flowers on 2.5 to 4" pendulous
raceme; attractive samara in
fall
 Scientific Name: Acer palmatum
 Growth Rate: Slow to moderate
 Site Requirements: Light dappled
shade; evenly moist, well drained soil;
protect from drying winds
 Texture: Medium to fine
 Form: Low; dense rounded top;
spreading branches; assumes a layered
look
 Height: 15 to 25'
 Flower/Fruit: Small red to purple
flowers; attractive if viewed closely but
insignificant from a distance
 Scientific Name: Alnus japonica
 Site Requirements: Sun to partial
shade; range of soil types
including wet and infertile soil
 Form: Slender, narrow upright
habit
 Height: 12 to 25’
 Leaf: Oval, narrow leaves
 Flower/Fruit: Yellow brown to red
brown catkins (male flowers);
female flowers on short purplish
brown strobili which persist until
winter
 Scientific Name: Aralia elata
 Growth Rate: Rapid
 Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; range of soil types
but prefers moist, well drained
soil
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Irregular to spreading;
often multi-stemmed
 Height: 20 to 40’
 Leaf: 3 to 5.5" compound leaves;
yellow to reddish purple fall
color
 Flower/Fruit: 12 to 18" white
flowers in August; purple fruit
 Scientific Name
Betula grossa
 Growth Rate: Moderate
 Site Requirements: Sun; moist well drained
soil
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Pyramidal
 Height: 20 to 25'
 Leaf: 2 to 4" alternate, simple leaves; yellow
fall color
 Flower/Fruit: Nonshowy flowers
 Scientific Name: Carpinus
japonica
 Growth Rate: Slow
 Site Requirements: Sun to light
shade; moist well drained soil
but tolerates a range of soil
types
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Rounded; densely
branched; wide spreading
branches
 Height: 20 to 30'
 Leaf: 2 to 4.5" leaves; yellow to
nonshowy fall color
 Flower/Fruit: 2 to 2.5" fruit
 Scientific Name
Cornus officinalis
 Growth Rate: Moderate
 Site Requirements: Sun to partial
shade; range of soil types
 Texture: Medium
 Form: Picturesque; multi-stemmed ;
low branches; oval to round habit
 Height: 15 to 25'
 Leaf: 4" opposite, simple leaves;
purple fall color
 Flower/Fruit: Cluster of short stalked
yellow flowers with drooping bracts
on naked stems in early spring; .5"
shiny red fruit in clusters in fall
 Scientific Name: Cryptomeria japonica
 Habit: Evergeen
 Growth Rate: Moderate
 Site Requirements: Sun to light, high
shade; rich deep, well drained soil but will
thrive in a range of soil types
 Texture: Fine to medium
 Form: Pyramidal; semiformal
 Height: 50 to 60'
 Leaf: Awl shaped, bright to blue-green
foliage; smooth to the touch; bronze tones
in winter, especially if exposed to wind.
 Flower/Fruit: Small terminal cones
• There are three types of fences:
 the short fence which extends from
the house into the garden
 an inner fence and an outer fence.
• Short fences or sodegaki are
screens that hide unwanted views or
objects.
• They are about 6 or 7 feet high.
• Add color and texture to the garden.
• Materials used are bamboo, wood
and twigs of bamboo or tree.
• Stones are fundamental elements
of Japanese gardens.
• Stones used are not quarried by
the hand of man, but of stones
shaped by nature only
• Used to construct the garden's
paths, bridges, and walkways.
• Represent a geological presence
where actual mountains are not
viewable or present. They are
placed in odd numbers and a
majority of the groupings reflect
triangular shapes
Rock – an important feature
 They are artificial
mountains usually, built in
gardens.
 Generally between one
and five of the hills are
built.
 They are made up of
ceramics, dried wood or
strangely-shaped stones.
 Refers to a relatively small cave or
hollow set underneath the ground
near a washbasin in the garden.
 The hollow produces a harp-like
echoing sound effect as water
drips into the hollow. Thus, it
provides a mysterious sound for
people strolling through the
garden.
 They are generally located the at
gates of the garden.
 The excess water running over the
edge of the tsukubai drops down
onto polished pebbles below.
 Below the ground is another large
basin, often a ceramic vase.
•The art of Bonsai involves the training
of everyday shrubs such as pine,
cypress, holly, cedar, cherry, maple, and
beech to look like old, large trees in
miniature form.

•The trees are usually less than one

meter high and kept small by pruning,
re-potting, growth pinching, and wiring
the branches.

•Bonseki is the art of developing

miniature landscapes which may
include smallest of rock pieces to
represent mountains.
1.Dry gardens or Karesansui Gardens

2.Hill garden or Tsukiyama Gardens

3.Tea gardens or Chaniwa Gardens

 Also known as rock gardens and
waterless stream gardens.
 Influenced by Zen Buddhism and can
be found at Zen temples of
meditation
 Found in the front or rear gardens at
the residences.
 No water presents in gardens. raked
gravel or sand that simulates the
feeling of water.
 The rocks/gravel used are chosen for
their artistic shapes, and mosses as
well as small shrubs.
 Plants are much less important (and
sometimes nonexistent)
 Rocks and moss are used to
represent ponds, islands, boats,
seas, rivers, and mountains in an
abstract way.
 Gardens were meant to be viewed
from a single, seated perspective.
 Stones are usually off-white or grey
though the occasional red or black
stone were added later.
 They strive to make a smaller
garden appear more
spacious.
 Shrubs are utilized to block
views of surrounding
buildings.
 The gardens main focus is on
nearby mountains in the
distance.
 The garden has the
mountains as part of its
grounds.
 Ponds, streams, hills, stones,
trees, flowers, bridges, and
paths are also used frequently
in this style as opposed to a
flat garden.
 They are built for tea
ceremonies.
 Tea house is where the
ceremonies occur, and the
styles of both the hut and
garden are based off the simple
concepts of the sado.
 There are stepping stones
leading to the tea house, stone
lanterns, and stone basins
where guests purify themselves
before a ceremony.
 The teahouse is screened by
hedges to create a sense of
remoteness
 Japanese Gardens by Gunter Nitschke
 Slawson, David A. Secret Teachings in the Art
of Japanese Gardens
 Yagi, Koji A Japanese Touch for Your Home
 Wikipedia.com