BIOGAS CYCLE

WHAT IS BIOGAS?

 Biogas is produce by the breakdown of organic matter in the

absence of oxygen
 Biogas is renewable energy source
 Biogas can be produce from regionally available raw materials
such as recycle waster
WHAT IS BIOGAS? (CONT.)

 Biogas is produce by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of

biodegradable degradable materials such as biomass, sewage, municipal
waste, plant material, and crops.
 Biogas is a methane rich flammable gas that results from the
decomposition of organic waste materials.
 Contains of 50-70% methane and 30% of carbon dioxide.
 BENEFITS OF BIOGAS

 The production of gas for burning purpose at domestic or commercial

purpose.
 For production of electricity
 In decomposition of biodegradable materials
 Working of deferent types of engines.
COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
Component Concentration (by volume)

Methane (CH4) 55-60%

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 35-40%
Water (H20) 2-7%
Hydrogen sulphide 2%
Ammonia 0-2%
Nitrogen 0-2%
Oxygen 0-2%
Hydrogen 0-1%
APPLICATION OF BIOGAS

 Housing societies
 Industrials kitchens
 Medium and large hospital
 Large scale corporation cafeteria
 Food processing companies
 Slaughterhouse and farm houses
 Municipal wards, markets, parks and gardens
SOME BIOGAS EQUIVALENTS:
SOURCE: ADAPTED FROM KRISTOFERSON,1991

Application 1m3 biogas equivalent

Lightning Equal to 60-100 watt bulb for 6 hrs
Cooking Can cook 3 meals for a family of 5-6
Fuel Replacement 0.7 kg of Petrol
Shaft Power Can run a one horse power motor for 2
hours
Electricity generation Can generate 1.25 kilowatt hours of
electricity
There are two types of biogas plants in usage for the
production of biogas. These are:

THE FIXED-DOME TYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT

THE FLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT
FIXED-DOME BIOGAS DIGESTER
FIXED-DOME TYPE
 A fixed –dome plant consist of a digester with a fixed, non-
movable gas holder, which sits on top of the digester.
Advantages:
 Requires only locally and easily available materials for
construction.
 Inexpensive
 Easy to construct.
FLOATING DRUM TYPE
FLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT

 Consist of an underground digester and a moving gas-holder.

 Gas-holder floats either directly on the fermentation slurry or in
a separate water jacket.
 The gas is Collected in the gas drum, which rises or moves
down, according to the amount of gas stored.
Disadvantages:

 Expensive
 Steel drum may rust
 Requires regular maintenance
DIFFERENCE OF BETWEEN FLOATING DRUM AND FIXED DOME
1.) DIGESTER

 Most important part of biogas plant

 Fermentation takes place-fermentation tank
 Built underground-insulated, airtight
 Made of bricks, sand and cement.
2.) GAS HOLDER
 Cylindrical container
 Above digester
 Collect gas
 The gas pipe carries the biogas to the where it is consumed
3.) INLET CHAMBER
 To supply cow dung to the digester
 It is made at the ground level so that the cow dung can be
poured easily.
 Made up of bricks, cement and sand.
 The outlet wall of the inlet chamber is made inclined so that
the cow dung easily flows to the digester

4.) OUTLET CHAMBER

 Digested slurry from which the biogas has been generated is

removed from the biogas plant.
 The outlet chamber is also at the ground level.
ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS PLANTS
 Reduces burden on the forests and fossil fuels
 Produces clean fuel- helps in controlling air pollution
 Provides nutrient rich (N and P) manure for plants
 Controls water pollution by decomposing sewage, animal dung
and human excreta.
ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS (AS A FUEL)
 High calorific value
 Clean Fuel
 No residue produced
 No smoke produce
 Non polluting
 Economical
 Can be supplied through pipe lines
 Burns readily- has a convenient ignition temperature
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
 The process is not very attractive economically on a large industrial scale
 Very difficult to enhance the efficiency of biogas systems
 Contains some gases as impurities, which are corrosive to the metal
parts of internal combustion engines.
 Not feasible to set up at all locations
BENEFITS OF BIOGAS
 Availability of power at affordable rates
 Reduces pollution
 Reduces time wastage while collecting firewood
 Reduces reliance on fossil fuels
 Saves on the environment (reduces deforestation)
BENEFITS OF BIOGAS

 Improves living standards in rural areas

 Reduces global warming

 Produces good quality enriched manure to improve soil fertility

 Effective and convenient way for sanitary disposal of organic wastes

 Reduces the incidence of eye and lung diseases

BENEFITS OF BIOGAS (CONT.)

 Used mainly for cooking and lighting purposes

 Used in internal combustion engines to power water pumps and electric
generators

USES OF BIOGAS

Domestic fuel
For street lighting
Generation of electricity
If compressed, it can replace compressed natural gas for
use in vehicles
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

 With the many benefits of biogas, it is starting to become a popular

source of energy and is starting to be used in the United States more.
 Germany is Europe’s biggest biogas producer and the marker leader in
biogas technology
 To create awareness and associate the people interested in biogas, the
Indian Biogas Association was formed. India’s Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy offers some subsidy per model constructed.
MANILA, PHILIPPINES
 A local biomass plant developer has teamed up with global technology
provider ABB to power the country’s first commercial biogas facility.
 First Quezon Biogas Corp., with its Singapore-based partner Yamato
Technologies Pte Ltd., is working on a $9.7-million biogas plant in
Candelaria, Quezon.
 The plant will use chicken manure, rice straws, and other agricultural
waste into useable energy that can augment the load requirements of the
Luzon grid.
APPLICATIONS

A biogas bus, Sweden A biogas Train “Amanda” Sweden

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
 Biogas typically refers to a mixture of gases produced by the breakdown
of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
 Biogas can be produced from regionally available raw materials such as
recycled waste.
 It is a renewable energy source and in many cases exerts a very small
carbon footprint.
 The gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO) can be
combusted or oxidized with oxygen.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
 Biogas is a clean source of energy. Biogas plants have been in operation
for a long period of time, especially in rural areas around the globe. The
research organization should focus on newer efficient low cost designs.
The governments can play important role by introducing different legal
frameworks, education schemes and the availability of technology and
simultaneously creating more awareness and providing more subsidies.
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!