DEVELOPMENT OF HEAD AND NECK

OBJECTIVES

 Describe the development of face

 Describe the development of palate
 Name and describe the embryological basis of facial clefts
Development of face
 Timeline
 The process
Timeline

 Between 4th to 8th week of development

 By the end of the embryonic period, the face has an
unquestionably human appearance
 Facial proportions develop during the fetal period
THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FACE

 The facial primordia appear early in the fourth week around the
stomodeum (primordium of the mouth)
 Facial development depends on the inductive influence of the forebrain,
frontonasal ectodermal zone, and developing eye.
 Five facial primordia appear as prominences around the stomodeum
 A frontonasal prominence
 Paired maxillary prominences
 Paired mandibular prominences
Structures contributing to formation of face

Prominence/process Structures formed

Frontonasal process forehead and dorsum and apex of the nose
Lateral nasal prominences alae (sides) of the nose
Medial nasal prominences nasal septum, ethmoid bone, and cribriform plate
Maxillary prominences upper cheek regions and lip
Mandibular prominences chin, lower lip, and cheek
Intermaxillary segment
Development of palate
 Timeline
 Palatogenesis
Timeline

 Begins in the sixth week, completed by 12th week

The Process / Palatogenesis

 The palate develops in two stages:

 Primary
 Secondary
Primary palate
Secondary palate
Secondary palate
Secondary palate
Developmental anomalies of face
 Cleft lip and palate
 Oblique facial cleft
 Transverse facial cleft
Cleft lip and palate

 Anterior cleft deformities

 Posterior cleft deformities
Cleft Lip : unilateral

 1 in 1000
 Defective fusion of maxillary
process with medial nasal process
 Simonart band, sometimes
joins the parts of the
incomplete unilateral cleft lip
Cleft Lip : Bilateral
Cleft Lip: Midline
Cleft Palate

 Clefts of anterior palate

 Unilateral  Clefts of posterior palate

 Bilateral  Clefts of anterior and

posterior palate
OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT
OTHER FACIAL DEFECTS

 Transverse facial defect

 Microstomia
 Macrostomia
Summary

 Describe the development of face

 Describe the development of palate
 Name and describe the embryological basis of facial clefts
THANK YOU