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Industrial Boilers
Submitted by :
Brajesh Panigrahi
Regn.no :0501227390
Mechanical Engg “A”
Industrial Boilers
Steam generators
Closed vessels
made of steel and
used for generation of steam
vaporizing water
combustion of fuels
e.g. coal,coke,oil,wood,saw dust and begesse etc.
Steam used for producing power,for industrial
process work or for heating proposes.
Requirements of a Perfect Steam
Boilers
Vertical or Horizontal
Fire(Smoke)Tube:Water is outside the tubes while the hot gases are inside the
tubes eg.Vertical,Cochran,Lancashire,Cornish,Locomotives,etc) or Water Tube:
Contain a large number of small tubes through which water circulates,the fire and
hot gases being outside of the tubes.eg.Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling and High
pressure Boilers etc.)
Vertical Boilers
Used in small factories,small water supply
plants,cranes,excavators,winch engines in
mines and on sites of temporary nature
such as construction work etc.
Required minimum floor space,not
required elaborate foundations,and is
portable.
Cheap,easy to start but inefficient due to
large wastage of fuel and less heating
surface.
Vertical Boilers are:Simple(having one to
three cross tubes), fire tubes and water
tubes types.
Simple Cross tube vertical boiler
consists of a cylindrical shell surrounding a
cylindrical fire box.
heating surface is about 8-10 times the
grate area.
50% efficiency
Cochran Boiler
It is well design of a Vertical
multitubular
fire tube boiler
Improvement over the simple
vertical
boiler as it provides greater heating
surface.
Total heating surface area is about
10-25
times the grate area Efficiency 70-
75%
Ranges from 1m dia.X2m
high,evaporation
20kg/hr to 3m diameter X6m high,
evaporation
3000kg/hr.
Lancashire Boiler
Is horizontal smoke tube boiler size
range
from a shell 2m diaX6m long to 3m
diaX10m long
Working pressure range are up to
20kgf/cm2
Ratio of heating surface to grate
area is 24-30
Efficiency is about 56% without
economizer
and 75% with economizer.
Similar to Cornish boiler,in
Lancashire Boiler
two flue tubes but in Cornish boiler
only one
flue tubes are there.
Locomotive Boiler
Is an internally fired multitubular fire tube boiler
Babcock and Wilcox water tube Boiler
Water tube boiler having lager pressure ranges and larger sizes.
Three main parts, steam and water drum,water tubes and
furnace.
Stirling Boiler
Example of water tube boiler where bent tube are used instead of
straight tube which are used in Babcock and Wilcox boiler
High Pressure Boilers
Two types- Natural circulation
& Forced circulation Boilers
Velox boiler
Fire tube forced circulation Boiler
Fire tube Vs water tube Boilers
Fire tubes boilers has a large volume of water,therefore more flexible and can
meet the sudden demand of steam without much drop of pressure.
Fire tube boilers can be made in smallest sizes therefore simple to fabricate
and transport, occupies less floor space but more height.
Due to mostly externally fired water tubes boiler so furnace can be altered
considerably to meet the fuel requirements.
Water tubes boilers are more readily accessible for cleaning,inspection and
repairs,compared to the fire tube boilers.
Modern trend is in the favors of water tube boiler due to continuous increase in
capacities and steam pressures.
Boiler Mountings and Accessories
Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety and control are
known as boiler mountings
Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the efficiency of the boiler
and help in the smooth working of the plant are knows as boiler
accessories.
MOUNTINGS( from the safety point of view) are as follows,
Water level indicators
Safety valves
Combined high steam and low water safety valve
Fusible plug
ACCESSSORIES(from the control point of view) are as follows,
Pressure gauge
Junction or stop valve
Feed check valve
Blow-off cock
Man hole and Mud Box
The important accessories are
Superheater
Economiser
Air-preheater
Feed pump or injector
Thank
You