Seminar on:

Industrial Boilers

Submitted by :
Brajesh Panigrahi
Regn.no :0501227390
Mechanical Engg “A”
 Industrial Boilers
 Steam generators
 Closed vessels
 made of steel and
 used for generation of steam
 vaporizing water
 combustion of fuels
 e.g. coal,coke,oil,wood,saw dust and begesse etc.
 Steam used for producing power,for industrial
process work or for heating proposes.
 Requirements of a Perfect Steam
Boilers

 Should be absolutely reliable,capable of producing maximum

steam at required pressure for minimum of fuel consumption,with
minimum attention and minimum initial cost and operating cost.
 Simple constructions
 Quick starting from cold
 Strong enough against temp. stress & strains
 Well design combustion chamber
 Less floor area, space & light weight
 Best gauges,safety valves and other mountings
 Easily accessible for inspection,cleaning and repairs
 Classification of Steam Boilers

 Vertical or Horizontal

 Stationary(Power plant,industrial,central heating and combined power and

heating boilers.),Portable,Locomotive or Marine

 Internally Fired or Externally Fired (Lancashire and Locomotive Boilers)

 Solid,Liquid or Gas Fired

 Fire(Smoke)Tube:Water is outside the tubes while the hot gases are inside the
tubes eg.Vertical,Cochran,Lancashire,Cornish,Locomotives,etc) or Water Tube:
Contain a large number of small tubes through which water circulates,the fire and
hot gases being outside of the tubes.eg.Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling and High
pressure Boilers etc.)
 Vertical Boilers
 Used in small factories,small water supply
plants,cranes,excavators,winch engines in
mines and on sites of temporary nature
such as construction work etc.
 Required minimum floor space,not
required elaborate foundations,and is
portable.
 Cheap,easy to start but inefficient due to
large wastage of fuel and less heating
surface.
 Vertical Boilers are:Simple(having one to
three cross tubes), fire tubes and water
tubes types.
 Simple Cross tube vertical boiler
 consists of a cylindrical shell surrounding a
cylindrical fire box.
 heating surface is about 8-10 times the
grate area.
 50% efficiency
 Cochran Boiler
 It is well design of a Vertical
multitubular
fire tube boiler
 Improvement over the simple
vertical
boiler as it provides greater heating
surface.
 Total heating surface area is about
10-25
times the grate area Efficiency 70-
75%
 Ranges from 1m dia.X2m
high,evaporation
20kg/hr to 3m diameter X6m high,
evaporation
3000kg/hr.
 Lancashire Boiler
 Is horizontal smoke tube boiler size
range
from a shell 2m diaX6m long to 3m
diaX10m long
 Working pressure range are up to
20kgf/cm2
 Ratio of heating surface to grate
area is 24-30
 Efficiency is about 56% without
economizer
and 75% with economizer.
 Similar to Cornish boiler,in
Lancashire Boiler
two flue tubes but in Cornish boiler
only one
flue tubes are there.
 Locomotive Boiler
 Is an internally fired multitubular fire tube boiler
Babcock and Wilcox water tube Boiler

 Water tube boiler having lager pressure ranges and larger sizes.
 Three main parts, steam and water drum,water tubes and
furnace.
 Stirling Boiler
 Example of water tube boiler where bent tube are used instead of
straight tube which are used in Babcock and Wilcox boiler
 High Pressure Boilers
 Two types- Natural circulation
& Forced circulation Boilers
 Velox boiler
 Fire tube forced circulation Boiler
 Fire tube Vs water tube Boilers
 Fire tubes boilers has a large volume of water,therefore more flexible and can
meet the sudden demand of steam without much drop of pressure.

 Fire tubes boiler is rigid and of simple mechanical construction,so greater

reliability and low in first cost.

 Fire tube boilers can be made in smallest sizes therefore simple to fabricate
and transport, occupies less floor space but more height.

 Due to mostly externally fired water tubes boiler so furnace can be altered
considerably to meet the fuel requirements.

 Water tubes boilers are more readily accessible for cleaning,inspection and
repairs,compared to the fire tube boilers.

 Modern trend is in the favors of water tube boiler due to continuous increase in
capacities and steam pressures.
 Boiler Mountings and Accessories
 Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety and control are
known as boiler mountings
 Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the efficiency of the boiler
and help in the smooth working of the plant are knows as boiler
accessories.
 MOUNTINGS( from the safety point of view) are as follows,
 Water level indicators
 Safety valves
 Combined high steam and low water safety valve
 Fusible plug
 ACCESSSORIES(from the control point of view) are as follows,
 Pressure gauge
 Junction or stop valve
 Feed check valve
 Blow-off cock
 Man hole and Mud Box
 The important accessories are
 Superheater
 Economiser
 Air-preheater
 Feed pump or injector
Thank
You