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• Gas absorption is a mass transfer operation in which one or more species (solute) is
removed from a gaseous stream by dissolution in a liquid (solvent).
• The insoluble components which are not absorbed is called carrier gas.
EXAMPLE
1. Removal of H2S(solute) from natural gas using a solvent such as aqueous solution of
alkanolamine (solvent).
2. Absorption of oxygen from air in blood while breathing.
3. Absorption of oxygen at water surface from air which keeps aquatic creatures alive.
• Reverse of absorption is called desorption.
ABSORPTION
Types of absorption
• Depending upon nature and interaction between solute and solvent
molecules absorption is of two types
a) Physical absorption
b)Chemical absorption
PHYSICAL ABSORPTION-
• In physical absorption no significant interaction occurs between
absorbent and absorbed molecules.
• Here driving force is concentration only.
• Temperature and pressure.
ABSORPTION
Chemical absorption-
• When chemical reaction takes place between absorbent and
adsorbate molecules.
• It enhances the rate of absorption and capacity of absorbent.
• Example- Removal of H2S and co2 gas from natural gas using
alkanolamine.
SELECTION OF SOLVENT
a) Solubility- The right solvent should absorb the solute which is highly
soluble but not absorb the carrier gas.
b) Selectivity- Sometimes more than one solute may be of similar nature, so
the solvent which is selective for a particular solute is preferred.
Example- CO2 and H2S are both undesirable components in natural gas but
H2S needs to be removed so a solution of hindered alkanolamine is used
which removes H2S preferentially and a little amount of CO2.
c) Reversibility- When chemical reaction occurs between dissolved gas and
the solvent, it should be reversible so that the solvent can be regenerated.
SELECTION OF SOLVENTS
Example-
SELECTION OF SOLVENTS