STERILIZATION AND

DISINFECTION
6TH GROUP :
1. DAMAR DARMAWAN (P1337420617061)
2. FAUZIYAH FEBIANNISA (P1337420617064)
3. DWI AJENG PUSPITANINGRUM (P1337420617065)
4. ATIKAH KHAIRIYAH (P1337420617066)
STERILIZATION

1. Definition
Sterilization is a way to free an object from microorganisms, both
vegetative and spore forms. Steralization is also said to be an action to
kill pathogens or apatogenic bacteria along with spores contained in the
treatment or medicine by boiling, stopping, using high heat, or even
chemistry.
2. Sterilization Method
1. Dry Hot Sterilization
This method requires higher temperature and longer time, dry
heat sterilization is usually set at 160-170 ℃ temperature with 1-2
hour time.
This method is effective for sterilizing glass and surgical
equipment. Due to the high temperatures applied in dry heat
sterilization, this method can be used for glass tools that require
accuracy.
 Various types of dry heat methods:
a.Red Heat
By way of putting objects or materials sterilized
in a flame bunzen to red burning. Usually used for
metal tools, such as planters and sengkeliy (ose)
b. Flaming
By putting objects in bunzen fire (not to light up)
for example: saple, bird mouth, slide cover, silk cotton cover.
c. Hot Air Sterilization
Ovens are a common feature of dry sterilization.
The air in it can be made hot with an electric
flame, the oven is the best way to sterilize glassware
that needs to be dry eg: test tube, petridis, bottle, pippet,
scapula, and scissors.
2. Steam Sterilization (humid heat)
Usually use hot water vapor that has a temperature of 1000C and can
reach a temperature of more than 1000C, when using steam heat with a
higher pressure. Wet heater is more effective than dry heater. In this
process germs die from the coagulation and denaturation process of the
protein structure of germs.
Steam Sterilization consists of:
 .

a.Boiling
Boiling is to insert objects that are sterilized into
boiling water. Temperature can reach 1000C,
within 5-10 minutes can kill vegetative germs,
and within 1-2 hours can kill spores.
The tools that can be sterilized by this method
are rubber lids, scissors, and metal syringes / metal syringes
b.Steaming
Steaming is sterilization with steam hot water
at pressure of 1 atm at temperature 1000C time
15-30 minutes. Sterilized tools: paramedic and
medical breeding suits.
c. Pasteurization
Pasteurization is a way of warming at a
temperature of 600C for 30 minutes. This is
often done to reduce the amount of germs in milk.
d. Intermittent tone / fructination sterilization
Intermittent tone / fructination sterilization
is sterilization in stages, usually to clear / remove spores.
In this way the object is heated in a row for 3 days at
1000C temperature, for 15-45 minutes.
Sterilized materials are materials that will be damaged
when distilled at high temperatures, such as serum,
Loeffler media, protein, Lowenstein Jensen media.
e. Filtration
Sterilization by filtration (filtration) is used to
sterilize thermolabic solutions, this filtering uses
bacterial filters. This method can not kill microbes,
microbes will only be retained by the pores of the
filter andseparated from the filtrate.
3. Gas Sterilization
Gas sterilization is used in the exposure of gas or steam
to kill microorganisms and spores. Sterilization used in the
pharmaceutical field to sterilize the ingredients and remove
from sterilized material at the end of the sterilization pathway,
this gas is not inert, and its reactivity to the sterilized material
should be considered.
4. Radiation Sterilization
Sterilization with radiation is used for thermally
sensitive materials and products and if residues
of ethylene oxide are not expected. Monitoring and
controlling process is very simple, but safety precautions
must be performed by sterilization operators.
5. Chemical Sterilization
Type of disinfectant used in the hospital:
-Phenol (carbolic, lysol) and cresol
-Halogen (hypochlorite and chlorine)
-Quatenary Ammonium Coumpund (Sterimid, Benzalkonium Chloride)
6. Sterilization using Plasma
Plasma is generally defined as a gas
consisting of electrons, ions, or neutral particles.
Plasma of some gases such as argon, nitrogen, and
oxygen indicates sporosdial activity.
DISINFECTION

1. Definition
Disinfection is an action intended to reduce the number of pathogenic
microorganisms in an instrument by eliminating and or killing pathogens.
Bacterial spores are not always killed by disinfection, but their numbers
can be reduced as a result of the cleaning process.
2. Disinfection Method
a. High-level disinfection
Killing all organisms except bacterial spores. High-level disinfection steps
include boiling, steaming and soaking with chemical liquids
High-level Disinfection steps by boiling:
• Start calculating the time when the water starts to boil
• Put the tool to sink all
• Boil 20 minutes in a closed pan
• Do not add any tools to boiling water
• Use the equipment as soon as possible or keep a closed and dry
container that has been in High-level disinfection, a maximum of 1
week.
High level disinfection by steaming:
• Prepare a pan with a maximum of 3 stacking
• Insert the appliance into the pan
• Arranged up and closed
• Steaming duration 20 minutes after the pan has evaporated
• Use the equipment as soon as possible or keep a closed and dry
container that has been in high level disinfection, a maximum of 1
week.
Chemical disinfectants for high-level disinfection using 0.1% chlorine and
2% Glutaraldehyde.
• The steps:
• Decontamination Wash and rinse dry
• Soak all the tools in a disinfectant solution for 20 minutes
• When you have rinsed it with boiled water
• Immediately used or saved max. a week
2. Moderate level disinfection
• Moderate level disinfection is the process of killing bacteria, mostly
fungi except bacterial spores.
• 3. Low Level Desinfection
Kill microorganisms on the surface of the skin which are classified into
non-critical equipment using 70% disinfectant or alcohol solution.
Low-level disinfection steps:
Washing
• Wash your hands with soap then clean, then flush or soak with 70% alcohol
• Wash the wound with H2O2
• Wash body skin / tissue with 3% iodine tinkture, then with alcohol.
Soaking
• Soak your hands with 0.5% lysol solution
• Soak the equipment with 3-5% lysol solution for 2 hours
• Soak the loom with 3-5% lisol for approximately 24 hours
Drying
• Dry drying equipment. Urinals, pans, etc.
• Drying mattresses, pillows, beds, etc. for 2 hours or more

Packaging
•Pack the linen in an airless container
•Grouping devices that have been disinfected individually
3. Type of disinfectants
• Phenol (carboxylic acid)
• Bisfenol
• Biguanidin
• Halogen
• Chlorine (sodium hypochlorite)
• Alcohol
• Aldehyde
• Glutaraldehyde (relatively less irritating)
Thank you