Types

of
Radius
p][nJo[to au[to[mo
 Van der Waals radius
• As a result of temporary dipole property

• To minimize the electron repulsion

• To maximize electron-nuclei attraction

• Attraction force = repulsion force

• Space between 2 nuclei minimum

 Covalent radius
• As a results of maximum overlap of the
orbitals
• The more electronegative atom attract the
electron stronger and the radius becomes
smaller
• Shorter than Van der Waals radius
– Bond length of H-H = 74 pm, F-F = 142
pm
– Bond length of HF = 92 pm NOT 108 pm
 Ionic radius
• Bond length = r+ + r-
• Determined by compare the distance of
nuclei in different compound that consists
same ion.
– The difference in radius of K+ and Na+
rK+ - rNa+ = dKF – dNaF = 0.30 Å
= dKCl – dNaCl = 0.33 Å
= dKBrl – dNaBr = 0.32 Å
= dKI – dNaI = 0.30 Å
 Ionic radius

• Since the size different of K+ and Na+ as

determined in different salts is fairly
constant as calculated, the the K+ and Na+
ions themselves must be staying fairy
constant.
Van der Waals
Metallic radius
radius 2r
2r

Covalent
2r
radius

r- + r+
Ionic radius