Professional Documents
Culture Documents
lao phoåi
TC >10 tuaàn
Phaûn öùng xô Lao xô
nhieãm lao: soát, ho, nhieãm
haïch TT, hoàng ban
nuùt, IDR (+), …
90% 10
%
Töï Beänh
laønh lao
Trieäu chöùng laâm
saøng
Khoâng ñaëc hieäu. 5% cas lao tieán trieån
hoaøn toaøn khoâng trieäu chöùng LS.
Daáu toaøn thaân: soát nheï, chaùn aên, meät
moõi, ñoå moà hoâi veà ñeâm,giaûm caân.
Hoàng ban nuùt xuaát hieän töông öùng vôùi
giai ñoaïn phaùt trieån mieãn dòch ñaëc hieäu
cuûa cô theå.
Ho khan, sau ñoù ho coù ñaøm. Ho ra maùu.
Khoù thôû thaäm chí suy hoâ haáp.
Bieåu hieän huyeát hoïc: giaûm baïch caàu,
thieáu maùu.
Lao sô nhieãm
Phì ñaïi haïch trung thaát: 100% ôû treû 0-3 tuoåi,
88% ôû treû 4 – 15 tuoåi, 10 ñeán 435 ôû ngöôøi lôùn.
Nhoùm haïch thöôøng bò nhaát laø caïnh phaûi khí
quaûn vaø roán phoåi phaûi. Ñeå ñaùnh giaù haïch
trung thaát, CT nhaäy caûm vaø ñaëc hieäu hôn X
quang phoåi. Hình aûnh treân CT ñieån hình: noát coù
vuøng giaûm ñaäm ñoä ôû trung taâm, taêng caûn
quang vieàn vaø maát haún lôùp môõ quanh noát.
Toån thöông nhu moâ thöôøng gaëp laø: ñoâng ñaëc.
Caùc toån thöông ít gaëp hôn: ñaùm môø, veät môø,
noát hoaëc giaû u, xeïp phoåi hoaëc taêng thoâng khí
khu truù do haïch laøm bít taéc pheá quaûn. Coù theå
gaëp ôû caû thuøy treân vaø thuøy döôùi, khoâng
vuøng öu theá, beân phaûi nhieàu hôn beân traùi.
Traøn dòch maøng phoåi:6-11% ôû treû em vaø 29 –
38% ôû ngöôøi lôùn.
Lao sô nhieãm
Chest radiograph
obtained in a 4-year-
old boy shows right
hilar lymphadenopathy
(arrow) associated
with right upper lobe
consolidation. Right
paratracheal
lymphadenopathy (not
shown) was also
present.
Lao sô nhieãm
Delayed thin-section CT
scan obtained with 1-
mm collimation after
administration of
intravenous contrast
material in a 29-year-
old Asian woman shows
typical appearance of
tuberculous
lymphadenitis with
central low attenuation
and peripheral rim
enhancement (arrows).
Lao sô nhieãm
Chest radiograph
obtained in a 4-
year-old girl shows
isolated left hilar
lymphadenopathy
(arrow) without
associated
parenchymal
involvement.
Lao sô nhieãm
Chest radiograph
obtained in a 19-
year-old woman
shows a large
right-sided pleural
effusion (curved
arrows) associated
with right hilar
lymphadenopathy
(straight arrows).
Postprimary disease
Hình daïng: ña daïng, thöôøng keát hôïp
nhieàu daïng, kích thöôùc khoâng ñeàu.
Ñaëc tröng laø ñaùm môø khoâng ñoàng
nhaát, noát, veät môø höôøng töø roán
phoåi veà vuøng ngoaïi bieân, hang
vaùch moûng hoaëc daøy coù möïc
nöôùc hôi.
Vò trí: coù theå gaëp ôû baát kyø ñaâu,
tuy nhieân thöôøng gaëp ôû phaân thuøy
ñænh vaø phaân thuøy sau cuûa thuøy
treân, phaân thuøy ñænh cuûa thuøy
döôùi.
Postprimary disease
Chest radiograph
shows a 5-cm cavitary
mass with a thick,
irregular wall (large
arrow) and surrounding
adjacent nodular
opacities in the left
upper lobe. An ill-
defined 5-mm nodule
(small arrow) is present
in the contralateral,
right upper lobe.
Postprimary disease
Targeted 1.5-mm-
collimation CT scan of
the left upper lobe in
a 40-year-old woman
shows an irregularly
marginated, 2-cm
tuberculoma (large
arrow) demonstrating
central cavitation and
associated with small,
adjacent nodules
(small arrow).
Postprimary
disease
Thin-section CT scan
obtained with 1-mm
collimation in a 26-
year-old Hispanic
man shows multiple
2–4-mm centrilobular
nodules and linear,
branching opacities
(arrows) in the
superior segment of
right lower lobe.
Postprimary disease
CT scan obtained with 8-
mm collimation in a 41-
year-old man shows
eccentric mural thickening
(straight arrow) involving
the proximal aspect of the
medial segmental bronchus
of the right middle lobe
associated with
endobronchial secretions
(curved arrow) more distally.
The patient's symptoms at
presentation were a mild,
non-productive cough with
right-sided wheezing.
Bronchial biopsy specimens
contained areas of
necrotizing granulomatous
inflammation from which M
tuberculosis was grown on
culture.
Postprimary disease
Tuberculous empyema in a
77-year-old Asian man.
Seven-millimeter-
collimation contrast-
enhanced CT scan
obtained at the level of the
superior segmental
bronchus (curved arrow)
shows a roughly elliptical
fluid collection bordered by
thickened and enhancing
visceral and parietal
pleura. The small amount
of air (straight arrow) seen
in the nondependent
region indicates the
presence of a
bronchopleural fistula.
Radiographic screening
Muïc ñích: phaùt hieän lao tieán trieån.
Ñoái töôïng nguy cô: traïi giam, nhaân vieân
beänh vieän, ngöôøi chaêm soùc beänh
nhaân lao, phuï nöõ coù thai treân 12 tuaàn
coù IDR (+).
Theo ATC vaø CDC, ngöôøi nhieãm lao
(IDR+) coù 3 theå, döïa treân laâm saøng, vi
truøng hoïc vaø X quang: (a) TB infection, no
disease; (b) TB infection, clinically active;
and (c) TB infection, clinically inactive.
Moät phim phoåi bình thöôøng coù giaù trò
tieân löôïng aâm cao, maëc duø tyû leä aâm
tính giaû laø 1% cho ngöôøi coù HIV (-) vaø
7 – 15% cho ngöôøi HIV (+).
Radiographic screening
Sputum culture–
positive TB in an 82-
year-old Asian
woman. Close-up
radiographic view of
right upper lobe
shows an ill-defined
area of increased
opacity (arrow)
associated with
calcification in the
retroclavicular region.
Radiographic screening
Sputum culture–
positive TB in an 82-
year-old Asian
woman. Thin-section
CT scan obtained with
1-mm collimation
shows nodular
opacities containing
foci of calcification
(arrows) in the apical
segment.
Ñaùp öùng ñieàu trò
Ñeå ñaùnh giaù ñaùp öùng vôùi ñieàu trò: vieäc thöû
ñaøm kieåm soaùt coù tính quyeát ñònh. X quang vaø
laâm saøng chæ coù vai troø quan troïng ñoái vôùi
caùc cas lao phoåi BK aâm, lao maøng phoåi vaø ôû
treû em.
Caùc toån thöông treân X quang coù theå coù daáu
hieäu taêng naëng trong 3 thaùng ñaàu cuûa ñieàu
trò, maëc duø vieäc ñieàu trò vaãn ñuùng ñaén.
Nguyeân nhaân: phaûn öùng taêng nhaäy caûm cuûa
cô theå.
Sau 3 thaùng ñieàu trò, neáu khoâng coù söï caûi
thieän treân X quang: nghi vaán cho vaán ñeà khaùng
thuoác hoaëc beänh lyù khaùc xaûy ra theâm.
Caùc toån thöông treân X quang giaûm haún hoaëc
oån ñònh töø 6 thaùng ñeán 2 naêm (X quang), hoaëc
treân 15 thaùng (CT). Ñoái vôùi haïch trung thaát thì
toàn taïi raát nhieàu naêm.
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