Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Roadmap
• A fine time to be old
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A fine time to be old . . . .
• There are a lot of us
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Population Pyramids
http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/world-population-pyramid
1950
1995 2050
65-year-olds 85-year-olds 4
A fine time to be old . . . .
• There are a lot of us
– Camaraderie
– Political clout
– Opportunity to redefine what it means to be old
• Technology
– Help to maintain independence
– Facilitate contact with loved ones & current events
• Society more accepting of diversity
– Universal access
• New discoveries about the aging mind & brain
5
Aging is Different from
Alzheimer’s Disease
• Different patterns of brain loss in aging & AD
– loss of neurons in AD, but not in normal aging
6
The Old View of Aging
1 All cognitive functions decline with aging
8
Cognitive loss is selective: some abilities
decline but others improve, and people differ
High
• What declines?
– Speed
– Most kinds of learning &
memorizing
– Executive control & working
working memory
– Word finding/retrieval
Low
• What is spared/improved?
– Vocabulary & world knowledge Age
– Some aspects of problem solving & decision making
• Interpersonal & real-world ill-defined problems
• Delaying rewards in decision making
– Regulating emotions
Note: Gradual across adult years
Data from Park et al 2002
9
People Differ
Fast
Speed
Slow
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"This is the best time of my life. I love being
old. . . . Because I am more myself than I
have ever been. There is less conflict. . . I
am surer of what my life is all about, have
less self-doubt to conquer.”
– May Sarton At seventy: A journal
12
The New View of Aging . . .
13
Brain Loss: Also Selective
Naftali Raz
Wayne State
Kristen Kennedy
U T Dallas
Karen Rodrigue
U T Dallas
16
Lifelong Neural Plasticity
• Normal aging doesn’t lead to loss of neurons
• Throughout life, we can grow
– new blood vessels (angiogenesis)
– new connections among neurons (synaptogenesis)
– new neurons (neurogenesis)
• Hippocampus
• This lifelong neural plasticity is experience
dependent
17
The New View of Aging . . .
18
Promoting Healthy Cognitive/Brain Aging
– “Brain games” (typically computer-based)
– Social engagement
– Diet
– Physical exercise
– Lifelong bilingualism
– Meditation
– Taking on new learning (e.g., photography, new
language)
– Teaching & practicing reasoning skills
– Attitudes toward aging
21
Experience Corps
(Social Engagement?)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrTJDXW0_0I&feature=related
Description of EC
http://coah.jhu.edu/research/projects/Experience_Corps_pages/
Baltimore’s EC Home Page
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxN47eKtB88&feature=related
Advantages for older adults
22
• 2 year-long
randomized clinical
trial with 111
participants
23
Clinical Trials of Lifestyle Changes
• Growing number of studies showing effects on
– task performance
– brain function and structure
– subsequent lifestyle changes
• Exciting because of broad advantages for
individual and society
• But . . .
– Hard to know what is causing changes—often loose
controls
– Very expensive to conduct
– Can be hard to get funded
24
Good news: Lifestyle factors & AD
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NAP.EDU
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The New View of Aging
1 Cognitive/brain loss is selective
– some components decline but others don’t
– people differ
29
So . . . We can make a difference.
Educating the public is essential.
1950
1995 2050
65-year-olds 85-year-olds 30
SV Sabbatical
MV Sabbatical
31
Extra Slides Follow
32
• Suggestion for general psychology reading: Current
Directions in Psychological Science
33
Cognitive loss is selective: some abilities decline but
others improve, and people differ
Good
Poor
35
Longitudinal
36
With increasing age found . . . .
– Fewer self-references
– More future-tense & fewer past-tense verbs
– More positive & fewer negative affect words
37
Attitudes and AD Biomarkers
Becca Levy
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