Qualitative Research Method

Name :
Norshakilah Bt Abdul Karim (2019909313)
Nur Safiza Binti Isnin (2019961243)
Nor Haziani Binti Mustaffa (201995443)
Haryani Binti Md Nordin (2018824006)
 One finds a number of
approaches to qualitative
research.
Approaches
to
Qualitative
Research
Identified 5 creswell :
Narrative Grounded
Phenomenology Case Studies Ethnography
Research Theory
1. Narrative Research
Study of the life experiences of an individual as told researcher or
found in documents and archival material.

Important aspect of some narrative research that the participant

recalls one or more special events (an “epiphany”) in his or her
life,the setting or content within which epiphany occurred.

The researchers is actively present during the studt and openly

acknowledges that his or her repot an interpation of the
participant’s experiences.

“ A life story portrays an individual entire life,while a personal

experience story is a narrative study of an individual’s personal
experiences found in single or multiple episodes, private
situations, or communal folklore” – Denzin, 1989
 2. Phenomenology
Researcher undertaking a
phenomenological study
e.g. ., the experience of teachers
investigates reactions or
perceptionsof particular
phenomenon
Data are usually collected through
e.g., what it is like to teach in an
inner- city high school
in an inner-city high school
in-depth interviewing and the
researcher attempts to identify
,describes
The researcher hopes to gain
some insight into the world of his
or her participants and to describe
their perceptions and reactions.
Data are collected through in-
depth interviewing and the
researcher attempts to identify
,describe aspects of each
individual’s perceptions and
reactions to his or her experience
in some detail.
3. Grounded Theory

“ The researcher intend to generate a theory that is

“ grounded’ in data from participants who have
experienced the process” – Strauss & Corbin, 1998.

Grounded theories is to generated before study

begin.but are formed inductively from the data that
are collected during the study itself.

In other words, researchers start with the data they

have collected and then develop generalizations
ofter they look at the data.
4. Case Studies
What is a case ?

A case to comprises just one individual, classroom, school or program.

Typical cases are a student who has trouble learning to read , a social studies
classroom, a private school or national curriculum project.
What is case study?
Researchers have in common that they call the objects of their researchers in common
that they call objects of their cases studies.
Often study cases as part of training in students in Law,business, and the social
sciences and medicine.
3 Types of case studies

i. Intrinsic Case Study-understanding specific individual or situatuions

Ii. Instrumental case study – understanding something more than just a particular case
Iii. Multiple case study ( collective ) – studied multiple cases at the same time part of
one overall study.
5. Ethnographic
• Emphasis in ethnographic research in on
documenting or portraying the everyday
experiences of individuals by observing and
interviewing them and relevant other.
• Researchers try to capture as much of what is going
on as they can.
• A variety of approaches are used in an attempt to
obtain as holistic a picture as possible of a particular
society, group, instituition , setting or situation.
• In many respects the most complex of all research
methods.
 Ethnographic
Concepts

• 1. Culture
• 2.A Holistic Perspective
• 3.Contextualization
• 4.An Emic Perspective
• 5.Thick Descripition
• 6.Member Checking
• 7.A Nonjudgemental
Orientation