Margin (Finish line) placement

 Finish
line of the preparation is the end of tooth
preparation.

Finish Line

 Studieshave supported the use of supra-gingival

or equi-gingival finish lines rather than sub-
gingival finish line whenever possible to ensure
periodontal health
 Supra-gingival finish line

v Sub-gingival finish line

Hanaa I. Sallam
Advantages of supra-gingival margins:

– Easily prepared
– No soft tissue trauma
– Easy impression
– Easy finishing, easy cleaning
– Easy evaluation of the
preparation margins at the
time of placement and at the
call appointments
1. Cervical caries , cervical erosions or
restorations extending subgingivally.
2. Proximal contact extended to the gingival
crest
3. Additional retention and /or resistance is
needed
4. For esthetics in anterior region
5. Root sensitivity
4
Rasha Nabil Sami 19-May-19
 1-Cervical caries , erosion, abrasion or
restoration.

19-May-19 Hanaa I. Sallam

Proximal contacts extending to the
gingival crest.

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To increase the occluso-gingival dimension for
better retention and resistance .

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 For esthetics in anterior region

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 Root sensitivity which cannot be controlled by
more conservative procedures (such as
application of dentin bonding agents).

19-May-19 Hanaa I. Sallam

 When a subgingival finish line is required, it has
been suggested that extension to the epithelial
attachment be avoided.

 The distance from the epithelial attachment to

the crest of the alveolar bone has been described
as the “Biologic Width”. It is normally about
2mm wide, including the epithelial attachment
and the connective tissue attachment.

 Ifthe margin of a restoration intrudes into this

biologic width inflammation will result and
osteoclastic activity is stimulated.
19-May-19 Hanaa I. Sallam
3- Margin Adaptation
 The presence of marginal discrepancies
in the restoration exposes the luting
agent to the oral environment
 The longevity of tooth could be
compromised not only by caries but also
by periodontal disease.
  Clinically acceptable marginal gap values of
cast restorations have been reported in the
literature to be up to 50-70μm
 A well-designed preparation has a smooth
and even margin.
 Rough, irregular, or "stepped" junctions
greatly increase the length of the margin and
substantially reduce the adaptation of the
restoration

19-May-19 Hanaa I. Sallam

A : Poor preparation design leading
to increased margin length.
 C: rough, irregular margin will make
the fabrication of an accurately fitted
restoration almost impossible.
 4- Margin Geometry:

.The configuration of the preparation finish

line dictates the shape and bulk of
restorative material in the margin of the
restoration. It also affects both: marginal
adaptation and degree of seating of the
restoration.
 Guidelines for establishing a good
finish line

1. It should be easily prepared

2- It should be easily identified in both
impression and die

3-It should not be overextended cervically

4- It should provide a definite edge to which
the wax pattern could be easily adapted
and finished
5- Should allow sufficient bulk of material to :

 Enable wax pattern handling without

distortion
 Provide sufficient strength at the
restoration margins
 Provide enough bulk for porcelain (in
PFM) to enhance good esthetic.
6- Allow conservation of tooth structure as
possible.

7- Ideally whenever possible the margins

should be placed in areas where the
dentist can finish and inspect them and
the patient can clean them.
Types of Gingival finish lines
 1-Feather- edge Finish line
It is mainly indicated for
cast metal crowns .
Advantages:
1. Less destruction of tooth

tooth
structure than is
necessary for a shoulder
or a chamfer
2. Dose not leave a fragile
lip of unsupported
enamel
 Disadvantages:

1. It is difficult to follow on both tooth

and die (location of the margin is
difficult to control )

tooth
2. Thin margins are difficult to wax and
cast , thus being thickened by
technicians lead to over-contoured
restoration .
3. The margin is weak
 2- Chisel edge margin

It is mainly indicated for cast metal

crowns .
It is a variation of the feather edge

tooth
finish line and its is formed when
there is a large angle between the
axial surfaces and the unprepared
tooth structure.
Unfortunately, this margin is frequently associated
with an excessively tapered preparation

or one in which the axial reduction is not correctly

aligned with the long axis of the tooth(tilted
teeth)
 3-Bevel Finish Line

 This type is frequently indicated for

cast metal restorations, specially if a
ledge or shoulder already exists due
to caries, cervical erosion or a
previous restoration.

tooth
 Its shape forms an obtuse angle
with the unprepared axial tooth
surface
Objectives of beveling :

1-Allows cast metal margin to be burnished against

prepared tooth structure.

2-Protect the unprepared tooth structure from

chipping by removing the unsupported enamel.

N.B. If no accessibility for burnishing, there is

minimal advantage of this type of finish line
 4-Chamfer Finish Line
` It is mainly indicated for cast
metal crowns .

The instruments which made this

FL. Is tapered stone with round

tooth
tip .
The chamfer should never be
prepared wider than half the tip
of the diamond; otherwise, an
unsupported lip of enamel could
result.
 5- Shoulder Finish Line
This type of finish line is
usually recommended for the
all-ceramic crowns and the
facial part of metal-ceramic
crowns particularly when the

tooth
porcelain margin technique is
used.
 It is not used as a finish

line for cast metal restorations.

Advantages :

 Provides space for proper

porcelain bulk thus enhancing
resistance to occlusal forces and
minimizes stresses which might
lead to porcelain fracture.

tooth
 Facilitates constructing healthy
restorations of good contours and
maximum esthetics
Disadvantages:

 The preparation requires destruction

of more tooth structure than any other
finish line.
 Some claimed that its sharp 90ºdegree
internal line angle would concentrate

tooth
stress in the tooth and increases its
liability to coronal fracture.
 6-Rounded ( modified) Shoulder Finish Line

 It is a modified form
of shoulder finish line
characterized by a
rounded internal angle
(gingivo-axial).

tooth
It is indicated for
All- ceramic crown preparation
Advantages:

 Less stress concentration

 Some claimed that its
preparation is less
destructive
 7-Sloped Shoulder Finish Line

 It is a modification of the classic

shoulder finish line being
characterized by a 120º as an
alternative to the 90º.

 It´s advantage reduce the

possibility of leaving unsupported

tooth
enamel and still leaving sufficient
metal thickness to allow for its
thinning to a knife edge for good
adaptation
 8-Shoulder with Bevel Finish Line

 This type is recommended for the

facial surface of a metal-ceramic
restoration in those situations where
gingival esthetics are not critical and a
shoulder is already present either
because of destruction by caries or the
presence of previous restorations

tooth
 The beveling removes unsupported
enamel and may allow finishing of the
metal.
 4- Margin geometry

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