Landfall Topographic

and Nearshore Survey

BY FAJAR ADI RAMDHANI
Content
1. Description of Works
2. General Equipments
3. Methods
Description of Works
Landfall topographic mapping is an activity which aimed to produce a map of the area
containing detail condition and representation of relief in contour form within a system and
coordinate projections.
The topographic map used to show both natural and man-made features on the earth’s surface.
These base information usually used for planning some related projects with topographic map,
such as BMH and landing point area for cable routes, power plants area, settlement area, etc.
Nearshore survey is conducted to gain bathymetric and geophysical condition of seabed which
offshore survey could not reach.
General Equipments for Topographic
Survey
GPS Survey Levelling
1. GPS Geodetic Receiver 1. Waterpass
2. GPS Controller 2. Alumunium Staff
3. Tripods Beach Probing and Diver Swim
Total Station Survey 1. Underwater digital camera
1. Total Station Set 2. Probing
2. Pole
3. Prism
4. Tripods
General Equipments for Nearshore
Survey
1. MBES (Multibeam Echosounder)
2. SBES (Singlebeam Echosounder)
3. SBP (Sub Bottom Profiler)
4. SSS (Side Scan Sonar)
5. Magnetometer
6. Grab Sampler
 Methods of Topo Survey
1. GPS Survey for Control Point determination
The measurements of geodetic GPS conducted on two control
point for minimum 3 hours. Control point should be located in
area with minimum obstacle (trees or high building).
The processing methods use PPP (Precise Point Positioning).
Thereby, we only need one receiver GPS. This process will
generate two coordinates which used to get azimuth angle.
2. Total Station Survey with traverse methods
This methods conducted to determine coordinate (x,y) from a
series of points forming traverse. There are two kind of traverse
which commonly used:
1. Open traverse (require four known coordinate)
2. Loop traverse (require two known coordinate)
In this section, we used loop traverse. Thereby, we would give
correction to our measurements.
 The measurements commenced from known control
point which had been observed using GPS.
In this section, we have to set the ETS instruments on
one known control point and prism on another known
control point. Then, the measurement could be started.
BMH point, Landing Point, and BMH boundary could also
be determined while ETS already located on known point.

Control Point
Obstacles
1. While the measurement was on going, there was
sprinkle (light rain). Hence, the measurements
must be stopped and the ETS equipments must be
covered using ETS cover for a while. After
approximately 10 minutes, rain stopped and the
measurement continued.

2. There was a big tree which hiding ETS prism and it

couldn’t be moved or damaged because it is
owner property. Then, we have to lowered down
ETS Tripods untill we could see the ETS prism
through ETS.
 Alumunium Staff

3. Levelling Survey
Levelling survey conducted to determine the height of BM
(Bench mark) relative to a datum (in this case, we used LAT or
Lowest Astronomical Tide which obtained from prediction
tide data from BIG station in Teluk Bayur). Thereby, all of the
entire height data will be referenced to LAT.
 BIG tide station in
Teluk Bayur

Levelling commenced by shooting the alumunium staff Alumunium Staff in

on the water while neap tide appeared. Then, we Topo Survey area
synchronized zero tide value between tide station in
teluk bayur and alumunium staff by read water level at
alumunium staff on specified time. Then, at the same BM
time, we could know tide level from tide station. Hence, Water level
we got deviation zero tide value (∆𝑃). h1

h2
P
This deviation zero tide value (∆𝑃) will correct LAT data
which has been processed from BIG tide station.
Thereby, the LAT data could be used in Topographic area.
4. Beach Probing and Diver Swim
This activity aimed to obtain sample data and video
recorder about condition of the area from BMH to
water depth 3-5m based on RPL.
Obstacle
Strong current and strong wind during diver
swim process. Hence, diver swim held in early
morning while there were no strong current
and wind.
 Methods of Nearshore Survey
1. Mobilisation
At first, we conducted equipment installation in
vessel for 3 days; including side poles, cables,
and topsides. Detail List of the equipment:
1. Veripos Positioning 5. SBP Pinger
System 6. SSS Edgetech
2. QINSy Positioning 7. Coda Recording
System System
3. SBES Odom 8. Magnetometer
Echotrac MKIII 9. Grab Sampler
4. MBES Geoswath
Plus 250kHz
2. Calibration
Multibeam Calibration (patch test), SVP
(Sound velocity Profiler), and functional wet
test conducted for assure the equipments
working properly.
3. Analog Data Acquisition
• Analog data acquisition divided into 4 sections; section 1, 10A, 10D, and 11.
• In Padang area (section 1) there are 7 survey lines and in Mentawai area (section 10A, 10D,
and 11) there are 5 survey lines
• MBES dual-head Geoswath produced bathymetric data which verified by cross line data and
SBES data.
• SSS survey conducted to obtain imagery condition of seabed
• Magnetometer survey conducted to obtain magnetic anomally from seabed
• SBP survey conducted to determine subbottom layer type and its thickness
• Grab Sampler survey conducted to obtain data sample of seabed.
Obstacles
1. High swell and strong wind during
nearshore survey. Solution: finding survey
area with minimum swell or take standby
weather for safety reason.
2. Some damage on Magnetometer fish and
magnetometer transceiver. Solution: try to
check fish cable whether it is leaking or
not.
3. High current speed during grab sample.
Hence, the vessel isn’t located on the
correct location. Solution: Surveyor should
maintain vessel location by giving
command to driver and take a heed for
current direction.