Analysis of HE (2)

Holman, JP., 2010, “Heat Transfer”, 10th Ed. McGRaw-Hill, Boston

Multipass & Crossflow HE
• More complicated analysis of HE on type of multipass and crossflow
• Multipass exchangers have more tube passes than shell passes
• Hence, the correction is needed.

• where F is the correction factor, which depends on the geometry of

the heat exchanger and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot
and cold fluid streams
• The correction factors is used where the log mean temperature difference
is expressed as

• F = correction factor
• Tlm = Tlm actual for multipass or cross flow
• Tlm,CF= Tlm for single pass

• F is obtained from the graph of and

• T is shell fluid temperature

• t is tube fluide temperature
• When a phase change is involved, as in condensation or boiling
(evaporation), the fluid normally remains at essentially constant
temperature.
• For cold fluid constant temp Tci=Tco=Tsat
• For this condition, P or R becomes zero, hence F=1 (for boiling &
condensation)

• Where T1 & T2  shell tempt in and out;

• t1 & t2  tube temp in & out
Example: Cross-Flow Exchanger with One
Fluid Mixed

15
DATA: • A  Q=UAFLMTD
• Crossed flow, one mixed-one unmixed
• Q  Qs
• Oil  tube • LMTD
To in=15C To out=85C • F graph 10.11  P, R
co= 1.9 KJ/kgC

• Steam  shell
Tsin =130 C Tsout=110 C
ms= 5.2 kg/sec
cs= 1.86 kJ/kgC

• U= 275 W/m2C

PROBLEM: A?
Example-Condensation of Steam in a
Condenser
Steam in the condenser of a steam power plant is
to be condensed at a temperature of 50°C (hfg =
2383 kJ/kg) with cooling water (cp = 4180 J/kg°C)
from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the
condenser at 18°C and leaves at 27°C. The
surface area of the tubes is 42 m2, and the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 2400 W/m2°C.
Determine the mass flow rate of the cooling
water needed and the rate of condensation of
the steam in the condenser.
• Since the temperature of the steam does not change we can write our
log-mean temperature difference equation as follows

Tln 
T h  Tc ,in   Th  Tc ,out 

50 C  18 C   50 C  27 C   27.3 C
o o o o
o

 Th  Tc ,in   50 o C  18o C 
ln  

ln  o 
 Th  Tc ,out   50 C  27 C 
o

2400 W
Q  UATlm  2 o
m  C

42 m 2 27.3o C  3.752 x10 6 W 
Q
3.752 x10 W W1 J S
6

Q  m coolingc p T2  T1   m cooling   = 73.1 kg/s

c p T2  T1 
water water 4184
kg  C
o
J
27 o
C 
 18 o
C 

Q  m steamh fg  m steam 
Q


3.752 x10 6 W
= 1.15 kg/s

h fg 2383 kJ 1000 W  s
kg kJ
Example-Design of Shell-and-Tube HE

SHELL-TUBE HE
• Water (cooling fluid):
mc= 30,000 lb/h=3.783 kg/s
Tcin=100 F (37.78 C)
Tcout=130 F (54.44 C)
• U= 250 Btu/h.ft.F= 1419 W/m2C
• Diameter tube=3/4 in= 1.905 cm
• Water velocity= 1.2 ft/s= 0.366 m/s
Water (heatiing fluid):
mh= 15,000 ln/h = 1.892 kg/s
Thin= 200 F= 93.33 C
max tube length= 8 ft= 2.438 m
COUNTER FLOW
Assume 1 pass • L > 2.438  increase the pas
• Thout  Qh=Qc  Qc • A new  F
• Counterflow  LMTD
• A (total surface per tube) Qc &
LMTD
• A tube number, L

• Total flow area  water velocity

• Tube number  flow area per tube
• surface area per tube Total, tube
number
• L  tube number, A per tube;
• L<2.438 m
HOME WORK
Temperature Correction Factor for a HE
• A 1-2 heat exchanger containing one shell pass and two tube passes
heats 2.52 kg/s of water from 21.1 to 54.4 0C by using hot water
under pressure entering at 115.6 and leaving at 48.9 0C. The outside
surface area of the tubes in the exchanger is Ao = 9.30 m2.

• a) Calculate the mean temperature different ΔTm in the exchanger and

the overall heat transfer coefficient Uo.
• b) For the same temperatures but using a 2-4 exchanger, what would
be the ΔTm