A MINOR PROJECT ON

TITLE: AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH

BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

PHASE 1

NAME: GANAPATI V BHAGAWATH

USN:1RV18MCM04

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. J R NATARAJ
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
R.V College of Engineering,
Bengaluru 560059
 INTRODUCTION
 The overall theme of this project is to make a controller based model to
count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up
the room.
 Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons.
 In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances. With
the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing
circuits that would ease the complexity of life.
 Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as
not to have congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful.
 This project "automatic room light controller with visitor counter" is a
reliable circuit that takes over the task of persons/visitor in the room very
accurately.
 When somebody enters into the room, then light will be switched ON and
the light in room will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the
room go out. The total number of persons inside the room also displayed on
the lcd display screen.
 Here we have the microcontroller which does the above job.
 It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the
control of software which is stored inside room.
 Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the infrared receivers, and
when any object pass through the IR rays falling on the receivers, they are
obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the microcontroller.
 Thus microcontroller monitor the job of on/off of the room lights.
 We through this project wants to bring the advantages of technology in
people by automating their hall rooms and to provide a solution to prevent
wastage of electricity and thus help in overcoming the problem of scarcity
of electricity.
 Our Project is designed to detect of person entering into the room or
leaving the room. In our project we have written program for up and down
counter which is also displayed on lcd display.
 If number of persons present in a room is equal to zero then all lights and
fan will get OFF automatically thus saving power. This project "automatic
room light controller with visitor counter using microcontroller" is a
reliable circuit that takes over the task of persons/visitor in the room very
accurately.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 This project is an implementation to the idea of automatic visitor counting
and load controlling using a microcontroller.
 Currently the main work that has been done on this proposed system is
using ultrasonic sensors which give longer detection range compared to IR
rays.
 If user wants to switch on and off the electrical appliances, he/she has to
go to a specific area and on /off the appliance, but in this design, we are
controlling the electrical loads remotely using RF Technology. The user has
RF Transmitter and RF receiver which are kept at the application side.
 The user is able to control the electrical appliances within the range of 100
feet. We have also used LDR sensor to sense light condition and depending
upon it controls the electrical light loads.
 This project titled “Automatic light controller with Bidirectional Visitor
counter” is designed and presented in order to count the visitors of an
auditorium, hall, room, offices, malls, sports venue etc.
 The system counts both the entering and exiting visitor of the auditorium or
hall or other place, where it is placed.
 Depending upon the interrupt from the sensors, the system identifies the
entry and exit of the visitor. On the successful implementation of the
system, it displays the number of visitor present in the room.
 This system can be economically implemented in all the places where the
visitors have to be counted and controlled. This system can be used as an
automated switch to increase energy efficiency.
 The system can be used at the entrance of a room to control the lights and
other appliances.
 IR sensor is used to produce IR wave. In this project there are two IR
sensors. IR sensor consist of IR transmitter and receiver.
 IR1 detect the number of individuals entering the room. IR2 detect the
number of individuals leaving the room. The frequency range of IR sensors
varies depending upon its cost.
 When any object cuts the light emitted by the LED, the light bounces back
from the object to the light sensor.
 Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this
block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits.
 +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have
used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.
Enter and Exit Circuits : This is one of the main parts of our project.
 The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the
person and light we are using the light dependent register (LDR). By using
this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the persons.
 In our project, we have designed and implemented a Bidirectional Counter
& Home Automation using the concept of Embedded System. The target
users of the project can be any one right from a common man to any
organization.
 Lets say if any one uses this project for Seminar Purpose then the track
record of the persons attending the seminar will give the exact idea about
the no. of candidate attending and leaving the seminar.
 OBJECTIVES

Components:
 Arduino UNO, Relay(5V), Resistors, IR Sensor module, 16x2 LCD Display,
Bread Board, Connecting Wires, LED, BC547 Transistor.

 This project is divided in four parts: sensors, controller, counter display and
relay driver section.

 Sensor section: In this section we have used two IR sensor modules which
contain IR diodes, potentiometer, Comparator (Op-Amp) and LED’s.
 Potentiometer is used for setting reference voltage at comparator’s one terminal
and IR sensors sense the object or person and provide a change in voltage at
comparator’s second terminal.
 Then comparator compares both voltages and generates a digital signal at
output. Here in this circuit we have used two comparators for two sensors.
LM358 is used as comparator. LM358 has inbuilt two low noise Op-amp.

 Control Section: Arduino UNO is used for controlling whole the process of this
visitor counter project. The outputs of comparators are connected to digital pin
number 14 and 19 of arduino.
 Arduino read these signals and send commands to relay driver circuit to drive
the relay for light bulb controlling.
 Control Section: Arduino UNO is used for controlling whole the process
of this visitor counter project. The outputs of comparators are connected to
digital pin number 14 and 19 of arduino.
 Arduino read these signals and send commands to relay driver circuit to
drive the relay for light bulb controlling.

 Display section: Display section contains a 16x2 LCD. This display

section will display the counted number of people and light status related to
no of persons in the room.

 Relay Driver section: Relay driver section consist a BC547 transistor and
a 5 volt relay for controlling the light bulb.
 Transistor is used to drive the relay because arduino does not supply
enough voltage and current to drive relay.
 So we added a relay driver circuit to get enough voltage and current for
relay.
 Arduino sends commands to this relay driver transistor and then light bulb
will turn on/off accordingly.
 METHODOLOGY
FLOWCHART:

 If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the
sensor 2, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the
count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted.
 If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the
sensor 1, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the
count.
 When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the
relay will turn off, and light will be turned off.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 EXPERIMENTAL PLAN

The outputs of IR Sensor Modules are directly connected to arduino digital pin number
14(A0) and 19(A5). And Relay driver transistor at digital pin 2. LCD is connected in 4
bit mode.
RS and EN pin of LCD is directly connected at 13 and 12. Data pin of LCD D4-D7 is
also directly connected to arduino at D11-D8 respectively. Rest of connections are
shown in the circuit diagram.
With suitable code we are uploading the code by the arduino ide software and
controlling the on/off of lights. And also with the counter it is able to count the no of
persons inside the room.
RESULT TABLE:
OUTPUT

Count 1
Turned ON LIGHT

Count 0
Turned OFF LIGHT
 REFERENCES
 1.Automatic room light intensity detection and control using a microprocessor and
light sensors, Ying-Wen Bai ; Dept. of Electron. Eng., Fu-Jen Catholic Univ., Taipei
; Yi-Te Ku.
 2. Reference Book : Programming in ANSI C : E BALAGURUSAMY.
 3. Erdem, H, "Design and implementation of data acquisition for fuzzy logic
controller", Industrial Technology, (2002). IEEE ICIT ('02. 2002)IEEE International
Conference Page(s):199– 204 vol.1. on(11-14Dec. 2002)
 4. Kadam Shah, Prakash Savaliya and Mitesh Patel "Automatic Room Light
Controller With Bidirectional Visitor Counter" (IJICTRD ) International Journal of
ICT Research and Development | Vol-1 Issue-4 | ISSN: 2395-4841.
 5. http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/2 5093B.pdf
 6. "Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (SSUET) students prepare
automatic electric consum", Balochistan Times (Baluchistan Province,, Dec 24
2010 Issue.
 7. Jalovaara, P.. "Air bacterial and particle counts in total hip replacement
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