Diabetes and Kidney Health

Jerry Aneke
 Overview
What is Diabetes?
• Insulin
• Type 1/Type 2
Diabetes and the Kidneys
• Effects of Diabetes on the Kidneys
• Dialysis
• How to Prevent Dialysis
How to Prevent Diabetes
How to Control Your Diabetes

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 What is Diabetes?
• Diabetes is a health problem that occurs when the human body
cannot properly use the hormone called insulin to regulate
blood glucose levels.

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 Types of Diabetes
There are two types of diabetes:
• Type 1 Diabetes: The body can’t produce insulin
• Type 2 Diabetes: The body becomes resistant to insulin

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 How to Test for Diabetes
• Glucose attaches to the hemoglobin in red blood cells.
• The A1C blood test can be used to test for diabetes.
• The A1C blood test measures how much glucose is attached to
the hemoglobin in red blood cells.

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 Complications caused by Diabetes
Diabetes can cause several health problems such as:
• Excess urination
• Heart disease
• Kidney damage
• Stroke
• Nerve damage
• Eye problems such as cataracts

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 Diabetes and the Kidneys
• One of the health problems caused by diabetes is excessive
urination.
• This occurs because the body has to remove the excess glucose
from the body.

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Kidneys

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Activity

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 Blood Test for Glomerular Filtration Rate
(GFR)
• This blood test measures one’s Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
by measuring the amount of creatinine in the blood, which is a
waste product from our muscles that our kidneys are normally
able to filter out.
• The GFR is the rate at which our kidneys filter our blood.
• Normally measured in ml/min.

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 Microalbumin Test
• The Microalbumin Test is a urine test that is used to measure
the amount of albumin in one’s kidneys.
• Albumin is not present in the urine of an individual with healthy
kidneys.

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 Two Types of Microalbumin Tests
Dipstick Test
• Urine is collected in a container.
Then a chemical testing paper,
called a dipstick, is used to check
for albumin.
• If the dipstick changes color, then
albumin is present in the urine.

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Two Types of Microalbumin Tests
Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
• Test that measures the ratio of
albumin to creatinine in one’s
urine.

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 How Diabetes Affects the Kidneys
• One of the complications of diabetes is that the kidneys could
become overworked due to filtering out the massive amounts
of excess blood glucose, resulting in kidney failure.
• A person in this situation would have to either get a kidney
transplant or do dialysis treatments.

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Types of Dialysis

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Hemodialysis

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 Pros/Cons of Hemodialysis
Pros Cons
• Treatments are done in the clinic • Very rigid schedules.
by professionals.
• Need to travel to the dialysis clinic
• Only needs to be done 3 times a to get treatments that take about
week. 4 hours, 3 times a week.

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 Pros/Cons of In-Home Hemodialysis
Pros
• Can be done at home.
• More flexible than hemodialysis at
a clinic.
• Less diet restrictions than other
dialysis treatments.
• Can be done overnight.
Cons
• The machine is heavy and takes up
a lot of space (about half a small
closet).
• Requires a caregiver to be present
during treatments, either a loved
one or a home nurse.
• Takes about 3-6 hours, 5-6 days a
week.
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Peritoneal Dialysis

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 Pros/Cons of Peritoneal Dialysis
Pros
• Can be done at home.
• Is flexible/allows for more
independence.
• Only requires a clinic visit once a
month.
• Only requires 4 exchanges of
dialysis bags, each lasting 15-30
minutes.
• Can be done overnight with a small
‘Cycler’ machine.
Cons
• Storage could take up a lot of
space (about half a small closet).
• Could cause some weight gain and
make you feel bloated.
• Needs to be done daily.
• Needs a small tube called a
catheter to be surgically connected
to the abdominal cavity.
• Dialysis solution needs to stay in
your body for 4-6 hours before you
can drain it.
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 When Does Someone Need Dialysis Treatments
• There are five stages of kidney
disease, with each stage
representing a higher loss of kidney
function.
• Dialysis is needed once an
individual reaches Stage 5 kidney
disease, also known as kidney
failure or end-stage kidney disease.

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 Dialysis Clinics in San Bernardino County
• DaVita
• DaVita Citrus Valley Dialysis
• Fresenius Kidney Center Loma Linda
• Fresenius Kidney Center San Bernardino
• Fresenius Medical Care

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 How to Prevent/Control Diabetes
• The best way to prevent diabetes is to live a healthy lifestyle.
• This includes having a proper diet, exercising regularly,
maintaining a healthy bodyweight, and not smoking.

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 Healthy Diet
• Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats.
• Eat smaller portion sizes.
• Limit fast food and processed foods.
• Limit sugary drinks such as soda and juice.

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 Foods to Promote Kidney Health
• Whole grains such as whole wheat, brown rice, and oats
• Lean meats
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Beans

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 Which Foods are Bad for the Kidneys?
• Foods with high amounts of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, or
sugar.

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 Exercise
• It is recommended that adults get at least 150 minutes of
exercise each week.

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 Action Plan: What can you do Now to Help Your
Kidneys?
• Read the nutrition labels on food.
• Consume less salt/sodium and limit added sugars.
• Limit consumption of alcoholic drinks.
• For those who have kidney disease, limit consumption of foods
and drinks with high amounts of potassium, protein, and
phosphorus.
• Stop/don’t start smoking.

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 Resources
• Medline Plus
https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-
diagnosis/a1c-test
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-
disease-ckd/eating-nutrition
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-
failure/peritoneal-dialysis
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-
disease-ckd/tests-diagnosis
• National Kidney Foundation
https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dialysisinfo

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 Resources(cont.)
• United States Department of Agriculture
https://www.choosemyplate.gov/physical-activity-amount
• University of Florida
https://nephrology.medicine.ufl.edu/patient-care/renal-replacement-
therpay/home-dialysis/

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