BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION

Seminar By:
Kaushik M D
1BI14ME063

Internal Guide:
Dr. Gurudatt B
Professsor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bengaluru

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Magnetic Refrigeration
• Magneto caloric effect
• Components
• Working Principle
• Comparison
• Advantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
• References

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Introduction
• Refrigeration is the process of reducing the temperature of any substance
below that of the surrounding temperature using some working medium
called refrigerants.

• Refrigerant is the medium used to transfer of heat

• There are two types of refrigeration:

- Conventional Refrigeration
- Non Conventional Refrigeration

• Magnetic Refrigeration is a type of Non Conventional type of refrigeration.

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Magnetic Refrigeration
• The magnetic refrigeration is a type of non conventional type of refrigeration

• Magnetic refrigeration is a technology based on the magneto caloric effect.

• This technique can be used to attain extremely low temperatures (well below 1 kelvin)

• Magneto caloric effect is a magneto-thermodynamic phenomenon in which a reversible

change in temperature of a suitable material is caused by exposing the material to a
changing magnetic field

• It requires special materials or alloys which exhibit magneto caloric effect

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Magneto caloric effect
• When the material is exposed to magnetic field, the molecules orient in the direction of
magnetic field
• This increases the temperature of the material as the entropy of the system increases

• Similarly when the material is taken off the magnetic field, the molecules goes back to its
random state
• This further decreases the temperature of the material as the entropy of the system decreases

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Components
• Magneto caloric material

• Magnet

• Hot heat exchanger

• Cold heat exchanger

• Pump

• Valves

• Power supply

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

• Magneto caloric material: The magneto caloric material is a material which gets heated
when magnetized and cooled when its demagnetized .Gadolinium is the material exhibits
the best magneto caloric effect

• Magnet: The magnet is used to create the magnetic field to required to magnetize and
demagnetize the magneto caloric material

• Hot heat exchanger: The hot heat exchanger is used to absorb the heat from the space
to be refrigerated through a coolant

• Cold heat exchanger: The cold heat exchanger is used to dissipate the heat of the
coolant to the surroundings

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

• Pump: The pump is used to pump the hot coolant to the hot heat exchanger

• Valves: The valves are used to change the direction of the coolant after every cycle
of operation

• Motor: Its used to drive the shaft to which the valves and the magnet is attached

• Power supply: Its used to drive the motor

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Working principle
• The heat from the refrigerator is extracted by the cold heat exchanger by the coolant and it
is then moves through the heated magneto caloric material

• Here the coolant picks up the heat of the magneto caloric material

• The coolant is then pumped to the hot heat exchanger where the heat is expelled from the
coolant to the surroundings

• This coolant then passes through the cool magneto caloric material which further
decreases the temperature of the coolant and moved to the cold heat exchanger

• The cycle is repeated

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Comparison:

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
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 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Advantages
• Very low temperatures of the order of 1K can be obtained.

• Required pressures are obtained without the aid of a compressor.

• Does not produce toxic gases and chloro-fluoro carbons, thus reducing ozone layer depletion.

• Efficiency and compactness are increased where as power consumption is reduced.

• The unit runs virtually silent and is vibration free.

• When a better magnetic material is developed, the refrigerator will not need to be redesigned.

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Applications
• House hold refrigerators appliances

• Central cooling systems

• Room air conditioners

• Magnetic refrigerator can be utilized in actual engineering applications, such

as cooling sensitive electronics and optical devices on board spacecraft.

• Cooling of food items and warehouses

• Cooling in transportation system

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Conclusion

• Magnetic refrigeration technology could provide a ‘green’ alternative to traditional

energy-guzzling gas-compression fridges and air conditioners.

• Computer models have shown 25% efficiency improvement over vapor compression
systems.

• Two advantages to using Magnetic Refrigeration over vapor compressed systems are
no hazardous chemicals used and they can be up to 60% efficient.

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

References

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018
 BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering

THANK YOU

VIII SEMESTER B.E.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT BATCH NO:13
BATCH – 2014 - 2018