DISCIPLINE IN

SOCIAL
SCIENCES
 TWO DIVISIONS
 Pure Social Sciences – concern with
the pursuit of knowledge and truth
without considering its practical use.
(Economics, Political Science,
Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology)
 Applied social Sciences – search for
solution to practical problems. (Social
Work, Public Administration,
Management, Education and ethics)
ANTHROPOLOGY
 from Greek word “anthropas” meaning man,
mankind or humanity and “logia” meaning
study
 developed in 19th century in the West during
the colonial encounter between Western
people and colonized people.
 It was Dieserud Juul (1908) who was the first
to use the word anthropology
 It is a discipline of infinite curiosity about
human beings.
 It is simply the study of mankind.
 ANTHROPOLOGY
 Anthropologist are curious about the typical
characteristics of human population – how and
why such populations and their characteristics
have varies throughout the ages
 When, where and why human have changed,
and how and why modern population vary in
certain physical features.
 In essence, anthropology studies human and
analyzes the behavior of the individual as a
member of the society who is different from
animals.
CLASSIFICATION:
Biological/Physical
Anthropology – how humans
emerged and evolved through
time
Cultural Anthropology – studies
past culture through tangible or
material remains
 ECONOMICS
 from Greek words “oikonomos”, meaning manages the
household (oikos-house) and “nemein” which means to
manage.
 Its history is traced back from two schools of thought
Mercantilism and Physiocracy. which prevailed in
Europe in 18th century.
 It is the study how people choose to use resources (time,
talent, land, buildings, equipment and tools, and
knowledge of how to combine them to create useful
products and services.
 Important choices: how time to devote to work, school,
and to leisure, how much to save everyday, how to
combine resources and produce, how to vote
 ECONOMICS
 It includes the study of labor, land, and
investment, of money, income, and productive and
of taxes and government expenditures.
 It is concerned with GNP, per capital income,
savings, credit, investments, trade, balance or
imbalance
 Economist looks at human activities’ relationship
to production, consumption and distribution of
goods, services and wealth within societies. They
are concerned with why the world is what it is
 Topics dealt by economics are Production,
Distribution and consumption
MAJOR FIELDS
MICROECONOMICS –
focuses on individuals and small
organizations in the system of
allocating resources
MACROECONOMICS –
focuses on broader sense of
economics. It analyzes the whole
economy
LAW OF SUPPLY AND
DEMAND
Determine the economic equilibrium
for price and quantity based on
supply and demand
 If demands increases, and supply
remains unchanged a shortage occur
 If demands decreases and supply
remains unchanged a surplus occurs
 DIVISIONS OF GEOGRAPHY:
 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
 human population and the impact of its activities on
the planet (agriculture, urbanization and land
reclamation)
 How people use the resources available to them and
how they cultivate their environment to suit to their
needs
 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
 natural features of the earth like climate, vegetation
and soil.
 Looking at the physical environment as the provider
of natural resources (food and water) and hazardous to
human life
GEOGRAPHY
 Studies the interaction between the
NATURAL environment and the
PEOPLE living in it.
 Bridge between natural science and
social science
 GEO – Earth
 GRAPHOS – charting or mapping
 Explains the relationship the things on
earth to other people, places and thins
Erastosthenes of Cyrene
 Father of Geography
 Wrote the first three volume book
Geograpika
 Compilation data accumulated for
three centuries of the nature of the
surface of the earth and the people
living in it.
 GEOGRAPHERS BELIEVE THAT EARTH
HAVE:
 Location – very starting point when studying
geography (absolute location and relative
location)
 Directions – identified by cardinal points
(NEWS)
 Distance – how much kilometer separates two
points
 Size – all places of the earth have a specific size

 Physical structure – soil, climate, water,

minerals and terrain features)
 Cultural content – visible imprint of human
activity
HISTORY
It is the recorded past
Comes from Greek word historia
meaning learning
Aristotle: A systematic account
of a set of natural phenomena,
whether or not chronological
ordering was a factors in the
account
SOURCES: PRIMARY SOURCE
 Testimony of an eyewitness or an account od
someone who had firsthand information on
the subject.
 It doesn’t have to be an original source.

 Rewritten, recopied or a translated version of

the original
 Diaries, Journal entries, transcripts, video
interviews, monuments or structures,
photographs, statistics, and official
government records
SOURCES: SECONDARY SOURCE
 Testimony or account of someone
who is not an eyewitness to the
event being narrated.
 Uses primary materials as the
source of information.
 Biographies, textbooks, conferences,
proceedings, book reviews