Medical English

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Members:
Alva Díaz Maria Alicia
Calderón Coronel Eisha
Calle Peña Teresita
Fernández Rodas Noelia
Teacher:
Lenny Osores Tello
 DEFINITION: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IS THE SET
OF ORGANS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PROCESS
OF DIGESTION

Digestion is the process of transforming

food so that it can be absorbed and
used by the body's cells.
 • The digestive system and its importance
It must be considered that digestion is an important
process to break down food into nutrients, which is
vital for our body to have energy, growth is achieved,
and repair cells.
 FUNCTIONS

Food transport
Secretion of digestive juices
Absorption of nutrients
Excretion through the process
of defecation
• The digestive system consists of two parts: the digestive tube
and the attached or attached glands.
 THE DIGESTIVE TUBE IS COMPOSED OF:
• Mouth: is a cavity through which food enters the body. In the mouth begins
the digestion, where the food is crushed by the teeth (chewing) and
moistened by the saliva (insalivation), forming the food bolus.
• Pharynx: is a muscular tube that connects the digestive with the respiratory.
• Esophagus: a muscular tube that connects the pharynx with
the stomach.
• Stomach: is a muscular organ whose function is the
decomposition of food.
• Small intestine: it is a muscular tube where the
absorption of food is carried out; communicates the
stomach with the large intestine.
• Large intestine: is a muscular tube where water and
mineral salts are absorbed, in addition to stool storage
until its expulsion; communicates the small intestine with
the anus.
• Ano: is the terminal orifice of the digestive system, through which
the waste materials of digestion (faeces) leave the body.
 THE ATTACHED OR ATTACHED GLANDS
ARE:
• Salivary glands: are the glands that secrete saliva, whose
function, among others, is to initiate the digestion of food by
moistening them to help in the process of chewing and
swallowing, and contains enzymes that begin the process of
digestion of carbohydrates and fats.
 Pancreas: is a gland that secretes pancreatic juice that
helps break down food, and hormones that help control blood
sugar levels.
Liver: it is the largest gland in the body, and also one of
the most important. It has many functions, including the
transformation of food into energy and the elimination of
alcohol and toxins from the blood.
 COMMON DISEASES
Celiac disease
Celiac disease consists of a disorder that involves the digestive
system and the immune system. It is rooted in an intolerance to
gluten (small proteins present in cereals) and the symptoms are
widely variable.
• Lactose intolerance
With respect to lactose intolerance, it is
a pathology where the organism does
not possess lactase, an enzyme
necessary for processing the sugar
present in milk.
Symptoms include swelling, flatulence
and diarrhea. Therefore, people who
suffer from it should avoid dairy
consumption.
• Cancer
The organs that make up the digestive system are prone to the
development of different types of cancer, including cancer of the
colon, esophagus, stomach, pancreas and liver. The causes include
from infections and genetic predisposition to inadequate lifestyles.
• Gastritis
Gastritis is another common pathology that consists of
inflammation of the gastric mucosa, the product of
infections, excessive consumption of alcohol, certain
foods or drugs.