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Mitigating the Penalty in Industrial 2

Power Consumption by Engaging
Automatic Power Factor Correction by
Using PIC Microcontroller
Supervised By
Engr. Muhammad Jehangir Khan

Group Members
Hafiz Mudassir Ali Shah
Muhammad Sohail
Muhammad Yasir
Wajahat Shah
 Contents 3

 Introduction
 Objectives
 Literature Review
 Problem Statement
 Components
 Block Diagram
 Circuit Diagram
 References
 Introduction 4

 Power factor is an energy concept that is related to power flow in

electrical systems.
 Three types of power: Active power, Reactive power and Apparent
power.
 Active power is the real power delivered to the loads such as
motors, lamps etc.
 Reactive power is used just for the purpose of magnetic field for the
flow of Active power.
 Apparent power is the combination of the Active and Reactive
power.
 The power factor is the ratio of the active power to the apparent
power.
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The power factor is the ratio of the active power to the
apparent power.

Power factor = Real Power (kW)/Total Power (kVA)

 Objectives 6

Following are the main objectives of the project:

 To improves the power factor of industrial loads.
 To minimizing penalty in industrial power consumptions,
due to low power factor.

 To Maintains power factor in the range i.e, 0.85-0.9 in

Pakistan.
 Literature Review 7

 Arduino
 8051 Microcontroller
 PIC Microcontroller
 Problem Statement 8

 Inductive load decreases the power factor. Machines draw

magnetizing current to produce the magnetic field and hence
work at low power factor. For Induction motors, the pf is usually
extremely low (0.2 - 0.3) at light loading conditions and it is 0.8 to
0.9 at full load. The current drawn by inductive loads is lagging
and results in low power inductive machines such
as transformers generators etc work at low p.f too.
 Components 9
 PIC Microcontroller
 LCD
 Transformer (220V/12V AC)
 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer
 Capacitor Bank
 Relay Bank
 Relay Driver
 Load
 Bridge Circuit
 Comparator
Circuit Diagram 10
 Code 11
 //LCD Module Connections
 sbit LCD_RS at RB2_bit;
 sbit LCD_EN at RB3_bit;
 sbit LCD_D4 at RB4_bit;
 sbit LCD_D5 at RB5_bit;
 sbit LCD_D6 at RB6_bit;
 sbit LCD_D7 at RB7_bit;
 sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB2_bit;
 sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB3_bit;
 sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB4_bit;
 sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISB5_bit;
 sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISB6_bit;
 sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISB7_bit;
 //End LCD Module Connections
 Code 12
 int powerFactor()
 {
 int a=0,b=0,t=0,x=0;
 float tm,pf;
 TMR1L=0;
 TMR1H=0;
 do
 {
 if(PORTA.F0 == 1)
 T1CON.F0 = 1;
 else if(PORTA.F0 == 0 && T1CON.F0 == 1)
 {
 T1CON.F0 = 0;
 break;
 }
 }
 Code 13
 while(1);
 a = (TMR1L | (TMR1H<<8)) * 2;
 TMR1L=0;
 TMR1H=0;
 do
 {
 if(PORTA.F0 == 1)
 {
 T1CON.F0=1;
 if(PORTA.F1==1)
 {
 T1CON.F0=0;
 break;
 }
 }
 }
 Code 14
 while(1);
 b = TMR1L | (TMR1H<<8);
 tm = (float)b/a;
 pf = cos(tm*2*3.14);
 x=abs(ceil(pf*100));
 return x;
 }
 void main()
 {
 char c[]="0.00";
 int a,b,d,x,f,e;
 float tm,pf;
 void main()
 {
 char c[]="0.00";
 Code 15
 int a,b,d,x,f,e;
 float tm,pf;
 Lcd_Init();
 Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF); // Cursor off
 ADCON1 = 0x08; // To configure PORTA pins as digital
 TRISA.F0 = 1; // Makes First pin of PORTA as input
 TRISA.F1 = 1; //Makes Second pin of PORTA as input
 TRISD.F0 = 0; //Makes Fist pin of PORTD as output
 TRISD.F1 = 0; //Makes Second pin of PORTD as output
 while(1)
 {
 a = powerFactor();
 Delay_us(50);
 b = powerFactor();
 Delay_us(50);
 Code 16
 d = powerFactor();
 Delay_us(50);
 e = powerFactor();
 Delay_us(50);
 f = powerFactor();
 x = (a+b+d+f+e)/5;
 c[3]=x%10 + 0x30;
 x=x/10;
 c[2]=x%10 + 0x30;
 x=x/10;
 c[0]=x%10 + 0x30;


 Lcd_Out(1,1,"Power Factor");
 Lcd_Out(2,1,c);
 Code 17
 if(x<90)
 {
 PORTD.F0 = 1;
 PORTD.F0 = 1;
 Delay_ms(2000);
 }
 else
 {
 PORTD.F0 = 0;
 PORTD.F0 = 0;
 }
 Delay_ms(250);
 }
 }
 References 18

 [1] Chaudhary Deepak SGurjar Dharmesh S, Misra

Sameer K, Nishad Rakesh S, Jigar A. . (2018).
Minimizing Penalty in Industries by Engaging Automatic
Power Factor Correction Unit. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and
Technology(IJIRSET) , 07 (2018), 08.
 [2] Nidhi A. Ganatra1 Swati C. Chotaliya2 Prof Vishal N.
Jogidas. (2017). “Minimizing Penalty in Industrial Power
Consumption By Engaging APFC Unit". International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
, 04 ( March 03,2017), 04.
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