Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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19
that nationalism was the only thing that would
make them prove that they were really Filipinos
and for which they were willing to fight until
their last breath.
20
assertions caused the Filipinos to lose their
pride and respect, so they became blind to
the ills around them. All these were reversed
when Rizal unceasingly defended his people
through his writings, texts that were powerful
enough to restore pride and nationalism in
the hearts of the Filipinos and influence a
revolution.
21
RIZAL’S NATIONALISM AS
TRACED BY ITS CULTURAL
ROOTS
The Philippine experience in the formation
of consciousness of a national identity had
its roots in the pre-Hispanic period and
developed through two difficult but
significant periods of Western
colonization, culminating in the eventual
inauguration of the Philippine Republic in
1946.
23
According to archeologists and historians, the
origin of our culture was hypothesized on the
following:
a) Our indigenous culture began to
develop in the prehistoric and pre-
Christian eras.
b) These early cultures ranged from the
crude Old Stone Age to the Metal Age
with organized community life.
c) The early settlers came from Borneo,
Indo-China, South China, and some
other parts of SEA.
24
Foundation of Our Indigenous Culture
25
Studies show that the Malays, one of the early
settlers in the country, migrated around 300 to 200
B.C. They brought with them their skills in mining
and smelting of iron tools, weapons, utensils, and
ornaments. Also, they developed irrigation for
agriculture; cultivated fruit trees, spices, fiber,
ornamental plants, and some other agricultural
products; used carabaos and horses as working
animals; and used technology in the manufacture of
ornamented pottery and glass beads in the art of
weaving. They started the development of our
indigenous culture.
26
The second wave of Malay immigrants
brought with them the system of writing called
the syllabaries system.
28
The existence of the writing system on the
islands, the use of metal and the absences of
human sacrifices and cannibalism were the
results of the country’s contacts with the
Arabs, Chinese, and Malay traders in the 9th
century, the pre-Christian tot the pre-colonial
era.
29
As time passed by, numerous
cultural migrations were experienced by
the Filipinos. The combination of
numerous bloodlines coming from Asian
migrants assimilated so well to produce
the Filipino people and our indigenous
culture.
30
Until the Spaniards came, the settlers in
the Philippines had established a certain
culture and agricultural technology of their
own. They had their own traditions, which
had been altered by the numerous
traditions and cultures of the colonizers.
Trade relations with the other Asian
neighbors continued even before the
arrival of the Spaniards, and the settlers
developed religious and social norms of
their own.
31
During this period, the settlers already had a
shared language, system of writing, literature,
and political and judicial systems based on the
accepted standards of the period.
32
Despite the countless similarities of the early
Filipino tribes and inhabitants, unity was hard to
attain in the country as a whole. Regardless of
the shared territory, racial characteristics and
beliefs, the Filipinos remained disunited and
were broken into different political factions
during the precolonial era.
33
○ Their lack of unity and identity made it
easier for the colonizers to conquer the
Philippines. The country was divided into
small independent political groups called
barangays, which were constantly fighting
for survival. However, it is firmly
established that these groups of people
molded our identity as a people and gave
us a heritage that Western colonization
could not uproot in four centuries.
34
The People Filipinos, belong to a mixture
of races. Centuries of contact with the
Western and Asian Countries through of
trade and colonization made the Filipino
race very complex.
35
Common Traits. It is difficult if not
impossible, to define what a Filipino is
Common traits of Filipinos are difficult to
depict the existence of numerous races
and beliefs have been developed and
preserved.
36
Hospitality. Hospitability is a part of
Filipino culture, and it is naturally felt and
seen in every household whenever visitors
come and even or even strangers pass by.
37
Respect for Elders. Parents always
remind their children and say “Respect
your Elders”
38
Loyalty. This refers to the faithfulness and
trustworthiness to a close companion or
friend.
39
Sense of “Pakikisama” Filipinos are able to
fit with other people and set aside their
selfish wants. They have sense of
camaraderie, setting aside individually and
welcoming collaboration.
41
Phelan analyzed the factors that sustained
the native culture in its survival and he
considered the inward of native culture in
its survival and he considered the inward
cohesiveness of native Philippine Society
as the most important
42