What is Unattended Train Operation (UTO)?

Table of content

Introduction
Historical overview
Technology : What is it?
Introduction

Scope of train automation

 Concepts and definitions
Introduction
Concepts & definitions

Confused by babble of words?

Not alone!
 Hectometric transport
 Automated guideway transit (AGT)
 Automated people-movers (APM)
 Disney®’s tomorrowland 1967
 Syst. of pax transport in which driverless
vehicles are guided by modern comm. & control
over exclusive guideway1
 System can be rail, tyre, cable, monorail etc…
 “Private” services : shuttles
 Airports (35), 1st in Tampa 1971
 Leisure centres (28)
 “Public”/line services
 Metro trains (medium or large sized) (42)
 Personal Rapid Transit/driverless “taxi” : utopia?

1 Fabian, LJ, Planner’s guide to APM

Introduction

 Scope of train automation

 Concepts and definitions
 Grades of automation (GOA)
Introduction (6)
Grades of automation

Grade of Type of Setting train Stopping Door Operation in

Automation train in motion train closure event of
operation Disruption

ATP Driver Driver Driver Driver

GoA 1
with driver

GoA 2 ATP and ATO Automatic Automatic Driver Driver

with driver

GoA 3  Driverless Automatic Automatic

Train
attendant
Train
attendant

GoA 4 Driverless, Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic

unattended

ATP - Automatic Train Protection ATO - Automatic Train Operation

Table of content

Introduction
Historical overview
Technology : What is it?
Historical overview

 60s :
- development of ATO, prototypes
Historical overview

 60s :
- development of ATO, prototypes
 70s :
- implementation of ATOs
- Small-sized UTO systems
– protypes : Aramis, C-, M-, H-Bahn
– first people movers / shuttles (airports)
Historical overview

 60s :
- development of ATO, prototypes
 70s :
- implementation of ATOs
- small-sized UTO systems
 80s
- fully UTO « metros »
Osaka, Lille, Vancouver, Detroit
Historical overview

 60s :
- development of ATO, prototypes
 70s :
- implementation of ATOs
- Small-sized UTO systems
 80s
- fully UTO « metros »
 90s
- deployment of « proven » UTO metros
of higher capacity
Lyon, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, Paris
Historical overview

 60s :
- development of ATO, prototypes
 70s :
- implementation of ATOs
- Small-sized UTO systems
 80s
- fully UTO « metros »
 90s
- deployment of « proven » UTO metros of
higher capacity
 2000s
- continuity : Rennes, Copenhagen, Torino
- upgrading of conventional lines into UTO
Table of content

Introduction
Historical overview
UTO : What is it?
Unattended Train Operation

ATS = Automatic Train Supervision

Tool for installations and transport management.

ATP = Automatic Train Protection

The system responsible for basic safety: avoids collision, red
signal overrunning, exceeding speed limits by applying brakes
automatically.

ATO = Automatic Train Operation

Drives trains automatically from station to station; drivers
supervise passengers movements. The systems is responsible
for optimisation of operation and regulation.

ATC = Automatic Train Control

fully-automatic train operation; no driver is required.
ATC = ATS+ATP+ATO
System concept for UTO

Super-  Supervision of operational proceedings

vision and  Supervision of technical installations
management  Processing of operating data
of operation  Trouble-shooting policy

 Formation of trains
Control of  Train dispatching
operation  Routing controls
 Timetable adherence
 Information for passengers and staff

 Train spacing
 Speed surveillance
 Checking track clearance
Securing
 Emergency stop at station
operation  Exceptional safety measures
 Blocking of track sections
Signalling consituents

 Signaling = heart of UTO

 Way-side and on-board equipment
 Technology progress > new signaling era:
 ICT >> CBTC
Automatic Train Supervision  Intermittent >> continuous train control
 Fixed >> moving blocks
 Optimum train headway

Wayside

Communication

On-board
Glossary

AC : Air-Condioning
AGT : Automatic Guideway Transit
APM : Automated People Mover
ATC : Automatic Train Control
ATO : Automatic Train Operation
ATP: Automatic Train Protection
ATS : Automatic Train Supervision
Capex : Capital expenditures
CBTC : Communication-Based Train Control
GOA : Grade of Automation
ICT : Information and Communication Technology
Opex : Operation expenditures
ODS : Obstacle Detection System
PSD : Platform Screen Door
RAMS : Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety
UTO : Unattended Train Operation
Bibliography

Fabian, LJ, Planner’s guide to APM 2006/2007, Trans 21, 2006

Erbin, JM, Automatic Metro – a means to improve service quality,
UITP, 2005
Arpaci, M, Train control system upgradeable from semi-automation
to driverless operation, UITP, 2005
Ramette, Y., Paris line 1 conversion to driverless operation, UITP,
2004
Caire, A, Historical and technological evolution of automated
metros, UITP, 2004
Albert, H, Innovation in metro systems, UITP, 2004
Caire, A, METEOR: new technologies for tomorrow's customer,
UITP, 2002
Coll., Automatic protection and driving systems, UITP, 2002
Coll., Driverless operation – the effect on design, operation and
cost of rolling stock, UITP, 1998
Coll., Driverless Metros – improved quality of service at reduced
costs, UITP, 1997
Coll., Driverless Metros - a review and future perspectives 1983 to
1995, UITP, 1995