COURSE OUTLINE

• COURSE OBJECTIVE
• ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
• BUILDING HVAC SYSTEM
• FIRE PROTECTION/ LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
• PLUMBING & SANITARY SYSTEM
• IDENTIFICATION OF POOR QUALITY RISK/RESULT
ASSESSMENT & CONTROL MEASURES FOR MEPFS
INSTALLATION
 COURSE OBJECTIVE
• To familiarize with the basic MEPFS installation and to
have understanding on the most common deficiencies
on site.

• To be guided on using the codes & standards which

governs to the project specification.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Division 15
( Section 15500 )
 FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

• Code and Standard: NFPA 13. 2007

Edition
 Sprinkler System
Basic Parts of a Sprinkler System
• Fire pumps System – Fire pumps (Engine/Electric Motor
Driven), jockey pumps, Pump Control Panel, accessories
• Pipelines – feed main, risers, Crossmains, Branch lines lines,
Auxiliary drain and ITC (inspector test connection)
• Sprinkler heads - various kinds, types & grades
• Valves – ACV’s, FCV’s (OS&Y, Butterfly, etc), PIV’s, FHV’s,
globe, inspector test/auxiliary drain
• Alarms – valve supervisory, flow switches, pump indicators
• Gauges & flow devices
• Water Supply Reservoir – under, above ground or overhead
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• 1. PIPING
 Piping

A. Riser
 Piping

B. Feed Mains
 Piping

C. Cross Mains
 Piping

D. Branch Lines
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• 2. Sprinkler Heads
 Sprinkler Heads

A. Concealed
 Sprinkler Heads

B. Pendent
 Sprinkler Heads

C. Sidewall
 Sprinkler Heads

D. Upright
Sprinkler Heads
Sprinkler Heads
Sprinkler Heads
 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• 3. Fire Hose Cabinet

Fire Hose Cabinet
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• 4. Pumps
Jockey Pump
Fire Pump
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

• 6. Fire Hose Valve

Fire Hose Valve
Fire Department Connection
 FDAS Auxiliaries
Devices that will give signal to the FDAS upon activation
– SUPERVISORY FLOW SWITCHES strategically
located in the Fire Protection Piping System to
monitor any “water flow” in the fire suppression
system / wet sprinkler line
 Sprinkler System
Basic Sprinkler System Perspective Diagram
Classification of Occupancies
1. Light Hazard
Occupancies where:
• the quality and/or combustibility of contents
is low
• fires with relative low rates of heat release are
expected.
2. Ordinary Hazard
Occupancies where:
• the combustibility is low
• quality of combustibles is moderate
• fires with moderate rates of heat release are
expected
3. Extra Hazard
Occupancies where:
• quality and combustibility of contents are very
high
Installation Requirements
Installation Requirements
• Ordinary Hazard: Spacing Between Sprinklers
– Maximum spacing between sprinklers: 15’ (4.6 m)
– Minimum Spacing between sprinklers: 6’ (1.8 m)
Reference: Table 8.6.2.2.1 NFPA 13

Good Practice
Installation Requirements
• Ordinary Hazard: Spacing Between Sprinklers and
Walls
– Maximum distance from wall: 7.5’ (2.3 m)
– Minimum distance from wall: 4” (102 mm)
Reference: Table 8.6.2.2.1 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

Installation Requirements
• Clearance shall be provided around all piping extending
through walls and floors.
– 2” (50 mm) larger than the pipe for 1” (25 mm) to 3½” (90mm)
– 4” (100mm) larger than the pipe for pipe 4” (100mm) and larger
Reference: Sect. 9.3.4 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

 Installation Requirements
PIPE SLEEVE SIZES
Ref. Code: NFPA13, 2007 Edition Sect. 9.3.4
PIPE SIZE (Sch.40) PIPE SLEEVE (Sch. 40)
25mmØ 75mmØ
32mmØ 75mmØ
40mmØ 100mmØ
50mmØ 100mmØ
65mmØ 125mmØ
75mmØ 150mmØ
100mmØ 200mmØ
150mmØ 250mmØ
Note: For floors in Mechanical equipment rooms and other wet areas, set sleeve
flush to underside of structure and extending 50 mm above finished floors.
Installation Requirements
• Minimum Number of Hangers
– There shall be not less than one hanger for each
section of pipe
Reference: Table 9.2.3.3 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

Installation Requirements
• Under unobstructed construction, the distance
between the sprinkler deflector and the ceiling shall be
a minimum of 1” (25 mm) and a maximum of 12” (305
mm) throughout the area of coverage of the sprinkler.
Reference: Sect. 8.6.4.1.1 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

Installation Requirements

• The distance between a hanger and the center

line of an upright sprinkler shall not be less
than 3 inches (76 mm).
Reference: Sect. 9.2.3.3 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

Installation Requirements

• The end sprinkler on a line shall be restrained

against excessive vertical and lateral
movement.
Reference: Sect. 9.3.6.3 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

Installation Requirements

• Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstructions

over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide such as ducts, decks, open grate
flooring, cutting tables, and overhead doors.
Reference: Sect. 8.5.5.3.1 NFPA 13

Needs Improvement
Installation Requirements

• Auxiliary drains shall be provided where a

change of piping direction prevents drainage
of system piping through the main drain valve.
Reference: Sect. 8.16.2.5.1 NFPA 13

Good Practice Needs Improvement

TESTING
Hydrostatic Pressure Test
 Air Conditioning

• the control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and

motion of air in an enclosed space
• For the comfort of the occupants of the space
• For the treatment of diseases
• For the very exacting control of temperature and relative
humidity, other than for comfort, in many manufacturing
processes such as in pharmaceuticals, electronics and
semiconductors, and many others
 Air Conditioning

Refrigerant – a chemical substance that has the

characteristics of absorbing heat at a low pressure
and temperature, and discharging that heat at a
high pressure and temperature.
 Additional Information

• Refrigeration – The process of keeping a item

below room temperature by storing the item in a
system or substance designed to cool or freeze. The
most common form of refrigeration is provided by
systems ( i.e. refrigerators , freezers ) that use a
refrigerant chemical to remove heat from stored
inside the system.
Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning
 Types of Systems

Two types of systems

are in use:
the Direct Expansion (DX type)
and the
Chilled Water Type.
 DX Systems
In the DX system, the refrigerant in the evaporator tubes cools directly the air
flowing across the tubes. They are mostly used in small installations where
the compressor, together with its condenser, is connected directly to an air
handling unit or fan coil unit working together on a one-on-one basis. This has
been the traditional DX system configuration. The room air-conditioner and
the popularly known split type unit are DX type units.
 Chilled Water Systems
In the chilled water system, the refrigerant cools the water first and in turn, the
water is circulated through several air handling units to cool the air. It is
sometimes called “indirect system”. This type of system is found in large
installations such as buildings, shopping centers, manufacturing plants, etc
Chilled Water Systems
 Compressors
They are manufactured in either open type or hermetic
construction. In the open type, the compressor and the
drive motor are in separate enclosures and they are
mechanically linked together through a flexible coupling.
In the hermetic type, the compressor and the drive
motor are in one single enclosure and they are linked
together through a common shaft.
 Compressors
The common types of Compressors are as follows:
1.1 Reciprocating Type
It comes in either open or hermetic construction. It is manufactured
from the smallest to about 150 tons capacities. In up to 10 tons
capacities, they operate up to 3500 rpm. Larger sizes are designed
to operate at 1750 rpm. They are used in either DX or Chilled Water
Systems.
 Compressors
1.2 Rotary Type
This is a small compressor
used mostly in refrigerators,
room type air-conditioners,
and car air-conditioners. It
comes either in open or
hermetic type construction.
 Compressors
1.3 Centrifugal Type

It comes in either open or hermetic construction. It has

very few moving parts and it operates at high speeds,
even up to 12000 rpm.

In both cases, it comes factory-assembled together with

its matching condenser and water chiller. Centrifugal
chillers are manufactured in single sizes up to 1500 tons
capacity for the hermetic unit and up to 10000 tons for
the open type. They are used only in centralized chilled
water systems.
Compressors
 Compressors
1.4 Rotary Screw Compression

This type of compressor has also positive displacement,

just like the reciprocating type. On the other hand, just
like the centrifugal type, it also has few moving parts.
However, it operates only at 3500 rpm. It is
manufactured in single sizes at up to 500 tons capacity.
It can be used for either DX or Chilled Water Systems. It
also comes in open or hermetic enclosures. It is the
latter that is used more in air-conditioning applications.
On the other hand, the open type is mostly used in low
temperature refrigeration.
Figure 8
 Condensers
These usually come in two kinds, water-cooled and air-cooled.
2.1 Water-Cooled Condensers

A water-cooled condenser consists of a bundle of tubes

(usually copper) enclosed in a cylindrical steel shell with
cast steel condenser heads at each end. Water flows inside
the tubes and the hot refrigerant gas to be condensed is
outside the tubes. Cooling water is recirculated through a
cooling tower where the air-conditioning heat and heat of
compression is finally rejected to the atmosphere.
Condensers
 Condensers
2.2 Air-Cooled Condensers

An air-cooled condenser is constructed of copper tubes

with aluminum fins to enhance heat transfer and
increase the condensing surface. The tubes are arranged
in rows and are assembled into a galvanized or
corrosion-protected steel casing. Within the casing is a
fan or a number of fans, depending upon the condenser
size. The condenser assembly may be arranged for
horizontal installation with the fans discharging air
upward or for vertical installation with the fans
discharging air horizontally.
Condensers
 Cooling Towers
2.3 Cooling Towers

Cooling towers are mechanical draft, where atmospheric air

is forced through the tower fill surface with fans, usually
of the propeller type.

The fill or heat transfer surface, thru which the water drips
down, is made of wood slats or plastic material.

Cooling towers are either of the counter flow type or cross-

flow type.
 Cooling Towers
In the counter flow type, the cooling air enters at the
bottom of the fill and flows upward thru it in strict
counter flow against the water that drips down.

In the cross-flow type, the cooling air enters at the sides

horizontally and flows at right angle with the dripping
down water.

In most cases, the towers are induced draft, meaning, the

fans are installed at the top of the tower structure
sucking the cooling air thru the fill.
 Cooling Towers
In the forced draft tower, the fans are installed at the lower
side of the tower to force the cooling air thru the fill.
Forced draft fans can only be adapted in counter flow
towers.

The configuration of the cooling towers may either be

rectangular or circular.

Fans are either driven thru gear reducers or belts and

pulley combination.
Drift Eliminator

Spray Nozzles
Fill
In air conditioning and refrigeration systems there are two
modes of condensing; air cooled and water cooled.
Both modes have their own advantages and
disadvantages.
A. Reciprocating and Scroll Compressors
1. Air cooled condensing is usually employed in small installations
like window type units and packaged units of sizes up to 30 tons
capacity in single model. For air conditioning levels, the specific
compressor input is 1.60 kw/ton. These type of unit lend itself
to totally independent energy metering and its is popular with
condominium developers and owners. For high rise buildings,
however, with very limited machine spaces, the air cooled
condensers pose some serious problems on unit locations to
prevent condenser air short circuiting.
2. Water cooled condensing has the principal advantage of better
efficiency resulting lower average specific energy input of the
compressor at about, 0.90 kw/ton. These units are used mostly
in central type installations.
B. Centrifugal Units
These are the most efficient units with an average
power input of 0.55 kw/ton at air conditioning levels.
They come in single sizes from 150 to 10,000 tons
capacity. They can only be used in chilled water
systems. The centrifugal compressor has excellent
capacity unloading characteristics.

C. Screw Type Units

This is a relatively new type of compressor. It is a
cross between the reciprocating and centrifugal
compressor. It has positive displacement like the
reciprocating and has good capacity modulation like
the centrifugal machine. It can be air cooled or water
cooled and it can be used for either direct expansion
or chilled water systems. It comes in sizes from 40
tons to 750 tons capacity. Its power input is about
0.75kw/ton at air conditioning levels.
D. Absorption Type

This is a type of equipment that uses steam or high temperature

water as motive power and it is, therefore, used mostly where these
media are available. It is applicable for chilled water systems only.
It comes in single sizes from 90 to 1500 tons capacity. Per ton of
nominal cooling capacity its steam consumption is about 10 pounds
per hour at 115 psi pressure for double stage models and about 18
pounds per hour at 20 psi pressure for single stage models.
END OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOU!
Prepared By: Nick Taganahan