Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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CHINA
FACTS AND FIGURES
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CLIMATE ZONES
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ARABLE LAND
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CHINESE POPULATION
1600
2050
1400
2000
1200 1995
1000 1981
1970
800
600 1953
1949
1851
400 1911
18121887
200 2
1210 1753
105 755 1381 1562 1650
0 1083
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The Yellow River
Loess –
Deposits fertile, light colored soil
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THE YELLOW RIVER
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FACTS AND FIGURES
the first Homo sapiens arrived in the area sometime after
40,000 B.C.E. as part of the great migration out of Africa.
The frontier regions in the Gobi Desert, Central Asia, and the
Tibetan plateau were sparsely inhabited by peoples of
Mongolian, Indo-European, or Turkish extraction.
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METALLURGY IN CHINA
By 3000 B.C.E., artisans in West Asia were also making
bronze.
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A Chinese blast furnace, pouring out iron
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JADE AXE SCEPTER
(1100 BCE)
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CEREMONIAL DAGGER
(1028 BCE)
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Prehistoric Society: Yangshao
5000-3000 BCE
Banpo Village
Painted pottery
Bronze tools
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Prehistoric Society: Yangshao
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THE THREE SAGE-KINGS
(c. 2852 BCE to 2070 BCE)
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THE THREE SAGE-KINGS
(c. 2852 BCE to 2070 BCE)
CULTURE HERO
“A culture hero is a mythological hero specific to
some group (cultural, ethnic, religious, etc.) who
changes the world through invention or discovery.
17
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EMPEROR YAO
Yao gets credit for three great
achievements:
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EMPEROR SHUN
Shun gets credit for:
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EMPEROR SHUN
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EMPEROR YU
• Famed for his introduction
of flood control
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EMPEROR YU
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EMPEROR YU and the GREAT FLOOD
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EMPEROR YU and the GREAT FLOOD
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EMPEROR YU and the GREAT FLOOD
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EMPEROR YU and the GREAT FLOOD
• Gun is the name of a villain in some versions of a Chinese
flood myth.
26
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The Earliest Dynasties
Xia
C. 2200 BCE
Organized through village
network
Hereditary monarchy
Flood control
Shang
1766-1122 BCE
Zhou
1122-256 BCE
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Social Order
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Family and Patriarchy
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QUESTIONS
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Shang Dynasty
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Shang Dynasty
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Shang Dynasty
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Shang Dynasty
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SHANG DYNASTY
(1600 – 1046 BCE)
Taoism is thought to have developed during this time
• He established the two solstices of the year and, after that, the
two equinoxes and so created the calendar known as the Wan-
lien-li or the "perpetual calendar".
SOURCE: https://www.ancient.eu/Shang_Dynasty/ 35
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Shang Dynasty
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Shang Dynasty Burial Practices
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Zhou Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE
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Zhou Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE
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Battle of Muye (1046 BCE)
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Battle of Muye (1046 BCE)
The Shang ruling class considered the Zhou
“semibarbarious country cousins”.
An army of 50,000 troops against a Shang army of
700,000
People tired of Shang leaders put up no resistance
Shang king commits suicide
Zhou created the “Mandate of Heaven” for legitimacy
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Zhou Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE
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Zhou Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE
Tribute and gift over trade
Fortress cities
Artisans were a hereditary caste of serfs attached
to states or courts
Ministers were chosen based on birth rather than
talent.
Battles conducted under code of chivalry
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Zhou Dynasty, 1122-256 BCE
Eastern Zhou (770 – 256)
Laozi, Confucius, Mencius and Mozi, who all
lived during the Eastern Zhou period
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Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
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Period of
the Warring
States
(403-221 BCE)
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Period of the Warring States (403-221
BCE)
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Period of the Warring States
(403-221 BCE)
Seven states were the chief contenders that fought for the control and
unification of China.
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Period of the Warring States
(403-221 BCE)
• The first official Chinese cavalry unit was formed in 307 BC
by King Wuling of Zhao.
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Oracle Bones and Early Chinese Writing
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Oracle Bones and Early Chinese Writing
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• Divine
Intervention
• Veneration of the
Ancestors
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Oracle Bones and Early Chinese Writing
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Oracle Bone from Shang Dynasty
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Zhou Literature
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Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia
Steppe nomads
Poor lands for cultivation, extensive herding activities
Horses domesticated c. 4000 BCE, bronze metallurgy
in 2900 BCE
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Southern Expansion of Chinese Society
Yangzi Valley
Yangzi river: Chang Jiang, “long river”
Excellent for rice cultivation
Irrigation system developed
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