CELLULAR

RESPIRATION

Karen I. Valdemoro
Science Teacher
Aroroy National High School
July 8, 2019
 Energy Storing Molecules
ATP, NADPH (NAD+), FADH
(FAD+), FADH2
ATP supplies most of the energy
that drives metabolism in living
things
ATP releases energy when
converted into ADP
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 The energy that is
released from chemical
bonds during cellular
respiration is stored in
molecules of ATP.

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 Living things get most of
the energy they need from
glucose.
Autrotrophs make glucose
using photosynthesis
Heterotrophs get glucose
from food they eat
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 Cellular Respiration
The process that releases
energy by breaking down
glucose and other food
molecules in the presence
of oxygen.

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What types of molecules are
broken down?
Any food (organic)
molecule, or nutrient,
including carbohydrates,
fats/lipids, and proteins
can be processed and
broken down as a source
of energy to produce ATP.

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What types of organisms
undergo cellular respiration?

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 While only autotrophs
undergo photosynthesis
both heterotrophs and
autotrophs undergo
cellular respiration.

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 ATP will release energy for cellular
metabolic processes.
Examples:
1) Active transport of molecules
across the cell membrane.
2) Protein synthesis
3) Muscle contractions

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Explain:
Where do our cells get energy?
6-C sugars are the MAJOR source
of energy for cell
What type of macromolecule are
6-C sugars?
Carbohydrates
Cells break down glucose a 6-C
sugar to make ATP “energy”

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Overall Chemical Process

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O +

usable energy
(ATP)

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Cellular Respiration (3-stages)

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid
Cycle)
Electron Transport
Glucose Chain
(ETC) Glycolysis Krebs
cycle
Electron
transport

Fermentation Alcohol or
(without oxygen) lactic acid
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Where does cellular
respiration occur?

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July 8, 2019
  Glycolysis is an anaerobic
step in the cellular
respiration pathway
therefore it doesn’t require
oxygen.
 Glycolysis takes place in
the cytoplasm of the cell
and is a series of reaction
using enzymes.
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Glycolysis:
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Step 1

Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain
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 Where Cytoplasm
NO O2 required
Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP
at the expense of 2 ATP

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 6-C glucose  TWO 3-C
pyruvates
Free e- and H+ combine with
organic ion carriers called
NAD+  NADH + H+
(nicotinamide dinucleotide)

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 Glyco = Glucose lysis =
Breakdown
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the
cell
Molecules of GLUCOSE are
broken down into 2 molecules
of Pyruvic Acid.
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 Cell must use (invest) 2 ATP
Produces Energy Carrier
Molecules
4 ATP
2 NADH

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Summary

In Out
Glucose (6- 2 pyruvate;
C) 2(3-C)
2 ATP 2NADH
a net of 2
ATP

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Questions

Where does glycolysis take

place?
Glycolysis energy yield?
Breaks glucose into TWO
________.

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July 8, 2019
What moves on to the next
stage?

Pyruvic acid is the main goal of

glycolysis and these molecules
will move on to the Krebs Cycle.
Pyruvic Acid Krebs Cycle
NADH ETC
ATP Usable
Energy
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Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
Where
mitochondria
Pyruvate (3-C) 
Acetic acid (2-C)
3rd C forms CO2
Acetic acid
combines with
Coenzyme A to
form ACETYL-CoA

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Summary
In Out
Pyruvate CO2 (as waste)
NAD NADH
CoA Acetyl-CoA

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What is releasing Energy with O2?

Aerobic respiration
Where In mitochondria

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Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle
(Krebs Cycle)
Where Mitochondrial matrix
Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e-
Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form
6-C CITRIC ACID
Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C
Gives off a CO2 molecule
NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-
FAD becomes FADH2
NAD+ becomes NADH + H+
Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

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Krebs Cycle

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Kreb’s Cycle
Named after Hans Krebs
who won the Nobel Prize
for the pathway he
discovered in cellular
respiration

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ETC

Where inner membrane of

mitochondria
Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP
O2 combines with TWO H+ to form
H2O
Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from
cellular respiration

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 Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2

Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel Mitochondrion

Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase

Inner
Membrane

Matrix
ATP Production
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Total ENERGY Yield

Glycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle 2 ATP
ETC  32 ATP

Total 36 ATP

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Elaboration

Respiration Lab
Three experiments that review and
further explain the process of cellular
respiration

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What happens if NO O2?

Cellular respiration process STOPS

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

Anaerobic Aerobic requires

DOES NOT oxygen
require oxygen Yields large
Simple amounts of energy
fast What is this energy
produces molecule?
smaller amounts ATP, ATP, ATP
of energy (ATP)

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July 8, 2019
Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration
NO Additional ATP is Formed

NO O2 leads to Fermentation
Two Types
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

bacteria, plants and most animals

After glycolysis
2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid

Sometimes happens in your muscles,

cramps-----Exercise

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Alcoholic Fermentation
Bacteria and fungi (yeast)

Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are

the end products

Process used to form beer, wine, and

other alcoholic beverages
Also used to raise dough, bread

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July 8, 2019
Cellular Respiration Review

Three Main Stages

Glycolysis (2 ATP)
Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP)
Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

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Evaluation

Cellular Respiration Concept Map

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