One Dimension Motion

Rest

A body is said to
be at rest if its
position does not
change with
respect to its
surrounding with
time
Motion
A body is said to
be in motion if
its position
changes with
respect to its
surrounding with
time
Motion & Rest are Relative terms.
Animation
 Point Object

• If distance moved by an object is very large

as compare to its size then object is called
point object.
 Frame of reference
•To measure position of an object we
require a co-ordinate system, this co-
ordinate system is called frame of
reference.
•There are three perpendicular axis in a
frame of reference X, Y & Z.
•All the distances are measure from
origin ‘O’ of the co-ordinate system
called reference point.
•For example position of point ‘P’ is
define by three co-ordinate (x, y, z).
If any one of the co-ordinate of point ‘P’ change with time then the
body is in motion with respect to the co-ordinate system.
 Motion is of three types
1. One Dimension Motion

If a body moves in a straight line then its motion is called one

dimension motion. i.e.If only one co-ordinate of the co-ordinate
system change with time.
Example of One dimension Motion-
•Motion of a freely falling body if there is no wind.
•Motion of an aero plane on runway.
 2. Two Dimension Motion

If a body moves in a plane then its motion is called two dimension

motion. i.e.If any two co-ordinate of the co-ordinate system
change with time.

Example of Two dimension Motion-

•Motion of planets around the sun
•Motion of billiard ball on billiard table.
•Motion of a projectile.
 3. Three Dimension Motion
If a body moves in space then its motion is called three
dimension motion. i.e.If all the three co-ordinate of the co-
ordinate system change with time.

e.g. motion of gas molecules, motion of birds, motion of kite

Animation
 Position measurement
•A particle moving along X-axis is one
dimension motion. Measurement to the right
of point ‘O’ is positive & measurement to
the left of point ‘O’ is negative.
 Time Measurement

We can add a clock to our reference frame to measure time. In

order to describe motion of a particle, it is necessary to choose
some instant of time as origin. This instant is assigned zero
value of time i.e. t = 0. It is not necessary that t = 0 is the
beginning of the motion. In fact t = 0 is the instant at we start
the study of motion of the particle. Unit of time is second,
minute, hour, day & year.
•Distance & Displacement
•Distance:-The length of the path travelled by a body is called
distance.It is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is meter.
It depends on path followed by the body.
•Displacement: -Shortest distance between final position &
initial position of a moving body is called displacement. OR
the distance travelled by a body in a particular direction is
called displacement. It is a scalar quantity & SI unit is meter.

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 Difference between distance & Displacement

Distance Displacement
1. The total length of the path travelled 1.Shortest distance between final & initial
by the body is called distance. position is called displacement.

2. It is a scalar quantity. So it is either 2. It is a vector quantity. So it may be

zero or positive.
3. It depends on path followed by the
body so it is a path function.
i.e. distance between two point has a
many value.
zero, negative or positive.
3. It is independent on path followed by
the body so it is not a path function.
i.e. displacement between two point has a
unique value.

•The distance travelled by an object in a given time interval can be equal to

or greater than the magnitude of the displacement.