Motion and Machines Unit Part I

Part I / V
Motion and Machines Unit

This is Part I / V of an educational unit about
The Laws of Motion and Machines.
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”


• Activity! Bungee Jumping!
• Activity! But we will use an egg.
Egg
• Activity! It’s not a real egg, it is a plastic egg.
• Activity! …and instead of candy...
• Activity! …and instead of candy...it’s washers
Demonstration of bungee jump gone wrong.
Paperclip to Hook on ceiling
String (You create length)

Elastic
2 Washers
Elastic
2 Washers
Elastic
Egg
2 Washers
Elastic
Egg
2 Washers
Elastic
Egg
• The five values that should be considered
before determining the fate of the egg.
– Height of the jump 2.75 m / 9 ft.
– Length of unstretched elastic band 80 cm / 2’8”
– Spring constant (How much the band
stretches)
– Mass of the egg and washers
– Length of rope.
– Height of jump (h) minus the separation
distance (d) between the egg and ground
including the stretched elastic.
stretches)
– Length of rope.
stretches)
– Length of rope.
stretches)
– Length of rope.
stretches)
Constant:
– Length Changeless / unvarying
of rope.
in nature
stretches).
– Mass of the egg and washers.
– Length of rope.
stretches).
– Length of rope.
 Mass:
– Height Amount
of jump of the
(h) minus matter in an
separation
object
distance (Weightthe
(d) between onegg
Earth)
and ground
stretches).
– Length of string.
stretches).
stretches).
• Activity! Instructions
• Goal: For the egg to fall from the ceiling
and come within 10 cm of the floor
without crashing.
• Everyone has the same amount of
bungee material (Elastic / Rubber
Bands)
• You must measure the correct length of
rope to land within the 10 cm range.
• You are only allowed three test jumps
(Teacher is the only one allowed to stand
on the desk!)
• You may begin when given the
materials.
• Activity! Information
• Height 2.75 m / 9ft
• Paperclip 5 cm?
• Hook 5 cm?
• Elastic unstretched 80 cm / 2’8”
• Mass of egg and 2 washers = 32g / .
032kg
• Stretched Elastic =
• Potential Energy = PE = mgh
• PE is in Joules
– Mass of the Object (Kilograms)
– g = gravitational acceleration of the earth
(9.8 m/sec2)
– Height above surface (Meters)
• Follow up questions.
– What did you learn in this activity?
• Please draw a quick sketch of a bungee jumping
egg with a short description of something you
learned next to it.
– If your egg cracked your picture must show this.
• Activity! Bungee Jumping Egg Information
– Law Conservation of Energy:
– Law Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot
be created or destroyed, only converted
between one form and another
• The egg moves, makes a sound, must move air
molecules, cracks, the washers move across the
floor, the string and elastic heat up, stretches.
• Activity! Bungee
Jumping Egg
Information
– During a bungee jump,
the stored potential
energy of the egg
(PE = mgh) is converted
into kinetic energy during
the fall (KE = 1/2MV2).
• Activity! Bungee
Jumping Egg
Information
– During a bungee jump,
the stored potential
energy of the egg
(PE = mgh) is converted
into kinetic energy during
the fall (KE = 1/2MV2).
• The kinetic energy is
converted back to potential
energy as the bungee cord
stretches.
– The Potential Energy of the Egg
• PE is in Joules
– g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/sec2)
• PE is in Joules
• PE is in Joules
• PE is in Joules
• PE is in Joules
• PE is in Joules
– (m)ass of the egg and washers + Elastic + String = .032kg
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
– (h) Height = 2.75 Meters
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m
.032 Kg
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g
.032 Kg
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2 2.75 M
• Find the Potential Energy of the egg and washers.
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2 2.75 M
• Find the Potential Energy of the egg and washers.
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2 2.75 M
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2 2.75 M
PE= .032 Kg 9.8m/sec2 2.75 M
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2 2.75 M
PE= .032 Kg 9.8m/sec2 2.75 M
PE =
– (g) = (9.8 m/sec2)
m g h
.032 Kg 9.8 m/sec2 2.75 M
PE= .032 Kg 9.8m/sec2 2.75 M
PE = .86 Joules
– Hooke’s Law:
– Hooke’s Law: The force produced by the
stretched spring is directly proportional to the
distance the spring is stretched compared to
its unstretched state F = -kx
 Energy
-
-
-
-

 The ability to do work.

 To cause something to move/change
directions

• Watch how this person changes directions
and the energy involved.
– What lesson can you learn from watching
this?
Message:
Look before you cross the street!
 Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but transferred.

 Energy quality is lost due to
friction/force/heat. From high quality
energy to low quality energy.

• Where is energy being degraded in this
animation?

• The gasoline is being combusted. This
high quality energy is degraded into low
quality.

animation?
 This belongs to Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright 2010 found on

• Energy is being degraded through friction.
The wheels are being heated up.

animation?

• Everywhere in the form of heat, and
friction, and motion.

• Only 10-20% of gasoline burned goes
toward moving the car forward.
• All of the energy in the universe is slowing
losing quality.
• At some point, many billions of years from
now, the universe will be without any
usable energy.
• Sir Issac Newton (1642-1727),
mathematician and physicist, one of the
foremost scientific intellects of all time.
 Newton’s 1st Law
 An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an
object in motion tends to stay in motion with
the same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
 Called Law of Inertia

 Newton’s 1st Law
 An object at rest tends to stay at rest and and
object in motion tends to stay in motion with
the same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
 Called Law of Inertia

 Inertia: Forces that resist to motion.

Inertia
– An object in motion tends to stay in motion
unless acted on upon by an unbalanced force.
– An object at rest tends to stay at rest unless
acted on by a force.

Inertia

Inertia

• Activity! Try to pull the sheet of paper out
from under a stack of Dominos without
having them fall.
– How does activity demonstrate Newton’s First
Law of Motion?
• Activity! Try to pull the sheet of paper out
from under a stack of Dominos without
having them fall.
– How does activity demonstrate Newton’s First
Law of Motion?
• Answer: The Dominos are at rest and will remain
at rest. The paper was yanked quickly (Motion)
and stayed in motion. The Dominos did not fall
because of Inertia and Newton’s First Law of
Motion.
• Prediction! What will happen if I strike the
bottom Domino very quickly with a ruler?

• Demonstration! Teacher will knock the bottom
Domino from the stack with their Samurai sword
(meter stick)
– How does this demonstration reflect Newton’s First
Law?

• Demonstration! Teacher will knock the bottom
Domino from the stack with their Samurai sword
(meter stick)
– How does this demonstration reflect Newton’s First
Law? Objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless and
acted upon by an outside force.

“Help me pick up
the Dominos or
I’ll go all Newton
again!?”
• Demonstration! Accelerating Car
– Set-up a flatbed truck with some weight in the
back and attach each end with bungees or
heavy elastics.
• Cut one side or quickly remove.
• What happens? How does this relate to Newton’s
First and Third Law?
heavy elastics.
heavy elastics.
• Answer: The heavy weight want to stay at rest and
don’t go into motion with the car. The car was
acted upon by a force (Stretched Elastic / PE)
• Demonstration! Place a ball on a scooter
board, move in a straight line, then turn
the scooter board to the side.
– What direction does the ball travel?
Petri-Dish taped
to Scooter

Answer! An object in motion will stay in
motion until acted upon by an outside force.
The balls wants to travel in a straight line and
in the same direction as the motion.
What will happen to the driver when he hits the
wall?
- Note, He is not wearing a seatbelt!
• What is the force keeping the Earth from
flying into deep space?

• What is the force keeping the Earth from
flying into deep space? Gravity

• Inertia shows us that matter wants to
travel in a straight line.

When should the
pilot release the
bomb to hit the
target?
A B C
When should the

pilot release the
bomb to hit the
target?
• Are we ready!
• Are we ready! Bombs Away!
A B C
• Because of gravity, many objects thrown
through the air have a parabolic trajectory.

• Activity Demo! Throwing a ball on earth,
understanding a parabolic trajectory.
– How do I throw a ball to a person across the room?
• How do I throw it slowly! How do I throw it fast?
– What will the path of the ball look like?
– What would the path of the ball look like without
gravity?

gravity?

gravity?

gravity?

gravity?

gravity?

• In space, away from gravity, you will keep
going in one direction until acted upon by
another force.
Explain Newton’s first law with a few
sentences about this picture?

• Answer! The apple was in a state of rest
until acted upon by outside force which
happened to be a very large ant.

• What do you feel when you go around a sharp
curve at high speeds? (Dangerous and should
only be done by professionals.)



• The word for this pulling force that you feel is
called “inertia.”

Inertia: The tendency for matter to continue
moving in a straight line.

• Even worse if you are in the other lane because
inertia pulls you into on coming traffic. Newton’s
2nd Law 

• Wear a seatbelt! There is room to live inside of
the car. Newton’s first law can be deadly if you
get in a car accident. Especially if you are
ejected.

• Ballistics Car Demo!
– Will the ball land in the truck?








• Ballistics Car Demo! Answer: Yes

• Let’s try it out with a ball and a person in a
office chair down the hallway.

• Let’s try it out with a ball and a person in a
office chair down the hallway.

• Activity Review!
– Answer with your feet.
– Move to the correct corner of the room.
A B
C D
• Or... (Teacher Decides)
• A = Stand and put hands together above
head
• B = Stand - Put hands on head
• C = Stand - Make a “C” with your hands
• D = Sit down and hide your head.
A B
Newton’s First Law of Motion is…
A.) Called the Law of Reaction.
B.) Called the Law of Inertia.
C.) Was found to be untrue.
D.) Uses Simple Machines.
C D
A B
Newton’s First Law of Motion is…
A.) Called the Law of Reaction.
B.) Called the Law of Inertia.
C.) Was found to be untrue.
D.) Uses Simple Machines.
C D
A B
Objects always wanna…

A.) Move at the speed of light.
B.) Resist Motion.
C.) Avoid Friction.
D.) Do-in what they ah do-in
C D
“Dem objects are
just gonna keep
do-in what they
do-in!”
A B
Objects always wanna…

A.) Move at the speed of light.
B.) Resist Motion.
C.) Avoid Friction.
D.) Do-in what they ah do-in.
C D
A B
Part of Newton’s First Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
B.) Objects will always fall.
C.) An object at rest stays at rest.
D.) For action there is a reaction.
C D
A B
Part of Newton’s First Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
C.) An object at rest stays at rest.
C D
A B
An object at rest will remain at rest until
acted upon by…
A.) The Second Law of Motion.
B.) Outside and unbalanced force
C.) Sir Issac Newtwon
D.) Until reaction creates action.
CD
A B
An object at rest will remain at rest until
acted upon by…
A.) The Second Law of Motion.
B.) Outside and unbalanced force
C.) Sir Issac Newtwon
D.) Until reaction creates action.
CD
A B
Newton’s 2nd Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
C.) An object in motion stays at rest.
C D
A B
Newton’s 2nd Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
C.) An object in motion stays at rest.
C D
A B
F=MA means…
A.) Force = Momentum x Action.
B.) Force = Multiply Height x Weight.
C.) Force = Mass x Acceleration.
D.) Friction = Measure x Action.
C D
A B
F=MA means…
A.) Force = Momentum x Action.
B.) Force = Multiply Height x Weight.
C.) Force = Mass x Acceleration.
D.) Friction = Measure x Action.
C D
You haven’t learned
the next few
questions yet!
Let’s make
educated guesses
A B
This is the resistance encountered when
one body is moved in contact with another.?
A.) Energy Coefficient
B.) Potential Energy
C.) Friction.
D.) Quantum Mechanics
CD
A B
This is the resistance encountered when
one body is moved in contact with another.?
A.) Energy Coefficient
B.) Potential Energy
C.) Friction.
D.) Quantum Mechanics
CD
A B
Which of the following is not a form of
friction?
A.) Energy Friction.
B.) Static Friction.
C.) Sliding Friction.
D.) Fluid Friction.
C D
A B
Which of the following is not a form of
friction?
A.) Energy Friction
B.) Static Friction
C.) Sliding Friction
D.) Fluid Friction
C D
A B
Friction does all of the following
except…
A.) Produces heat
B.) Wears objects down
C.) Slows objects down
D.) Speeds objects up.
C D
A B
Friction does all of the following
except…
A.) Produces heat
B.) Wears objects down
C.) Slows objects down
D.) Speeds objects up.
C D
A B
This means designed or arranged to
offer the least resistant to fluid flow..
A.) Momentum Loss
B.) Thermodynamics
C.) Static Friction
D.) Aerodynamics
C D
A B
This means designed or arranged to
offer the least resistant to fluid flow..
A.) Momentum Loss
B.) Thermodynamics
C.) Static Friction
D.) Aerodynamics
C D
 New Area of Focus: Friction
 Friction: The resistance encountered when
one body is moving in contact with
another.

• What would earth be like without friction?

• Answer! One hit and they should all go
Nothing would stop the balls from moving
across the table causing a chain reaction
of movement until they eventually go in a
pocket.

pocket.

pocket.

pocket.

• Is friction good or bad or both, generate a
list and make the decision?
• Good Bad

• Answers!
 We can walk and move.
 We can change directions easily.
 Things heat up.
 Things heat up.
 Things wear down.
 Friction slows us down.
 Friction slows us down.

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Answers!

• Activity! Air Pucks: Demonstrates a
frictionless world for a few seconds.

• Air Pucks – 4 questions to be answered in
journal.
– Inflate balloon and twist but don’t tie (don’t over
inflate) and stretch the bottom of the balloon over
plastic neck.

• Gently untwist the balloon and push it across
your desk. Record what happened in journal.
– Provide a visual of the demonstration.

– Repeat Air Puck inflation procedure, Add
a 3 pennies to the puck.
• How was it different, Why?

– Repeat, this time make a collision with a
person at your table. Record observation of
what happened during collision.
• How is this related to Newton’s 1st Law?

 The four types of friction
-
-
-
-

 Static friction: Friction between two
surfaces that are not moving past each
other

 Sliding Friction: The force that opposes
the motion of two surfaces sliding past
each other

each other

each other

 Rolling friction: The friction between a
rolling object and the surface it rolls on.

 Only a small area is in contact.

• Video (Optional)
– Tillman the skateboarding, skimboarding, and
surfing dog.
– This is just relaxing for the next four minutes
of our busy day.
– Examples of Sliding, Rolling, and Fluid
Friction.
 Fluid friction- when an object is moving in
liquid or gas.

 Aerodynamic: Designed or arranged to
offer the least resistant to fluid flow.

• The word drag refers to wind resistance.
– (The force acted upon a moving object by the
air or water)
 Hydrodynamic: A shape designed to move
efficiently through the water.

• A golf ball has dimples to make it less
resistant to the air.
– Thus travel further and straighter.
• Those large caps on trucks help decrease
fluid friction with the air.
• Hurricane resistant building. This
structure should survive massive wind
force and high water.
• Aerodynamic Challenge!
– You and your team must design a covering
so that a box of tissues will not be toppled by
high wind.
• Quiz Wiz 1-10 Name that Friction

1
2
3
4
5
6 bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
7
8
9
10
• 11 –Bonus: Name the movie and the actor.
• Answers Quiz Wiz 1-10 Name that Friction

1
1 Rolling Friction
2
2 Fluid Friction
3
3 Sliding Friction
4
4Static
Friction
5
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
6
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
6 Fluid Friction
7
7 Static Friction
8
9
9 Sliding Friction
10
10 Sliding
Friction
• 11 –Bonus: Name the movie and the actor.
• 11 –Bonus: Tom Hanks / Cast Away (2000)
 Friction
 Slows an object down until it stops
 Produces heat
 Wears object down

 Friction
 Produces heat

 Friction
 Produces heat

 Friction
 Produces heat

• Activity! Examining the wear on your
treads from friction.
– Which parts of your show are most worn
down?
– Does this tell you anything about how you
walk?

• Activity! Sliding Friction

How do different surfaces effect the force
required for a science journal to overcome
friction. Hypothesis?
1) Three trials on a lab table
2) Three trials on the rug
3) Three trials on the floor
Weight Weight Weight
Lab Table
Rug
Floor

• Follow up to the activity Part I.
– Which surface provided the least friction,
provide data in your answer?
– Which surface provided the greatest friction,




– Answer: Lab Table 85 g (Anyone)


– Answer: The rug was about 200g. (Anyone)

• Follow up to the activity Part II.
– Find one way to decrease friction in any of
your trials.
– Discuss ideas with your table group,
implement the plan and compare your
findings.
– Describe your plan and it’s results in your
journal. Use data in your answer.

your trials.
findings.

your trials.
findings.

your trials.
findings.

• Follow up to the activity part III.
– Find one way to increase friction in any of
your trials. (Please don’t damage scales)
findings.
– Provide your results in your journal.
• Provide a visual if necessary.

findings.

findings.

findings.

findings.

• How can you reduce friction when it is
unwanted?

• Answer! Engine oil is very important to keep
pistons lubricated. This reduces friction and thus
heat which can expand metal and cause damage.

• Very little to no friction in space. Space
vehicle will travel in the same direction at
same speed until…
• Very little to no friction in space. Space
vehicle will travel in the same direction at
same speed until…
-Acted upon by an outside force.
Some objects have been
heading this way for
millions of years.
Thankfully, Most are
small! F=MA
End Part I / V
Please look for Part II / V
on a neighboring video.
video I-V, unit notes, assessments, lab
much more at
End Part I / V
much more at
End Part I / V
much more at
End Part I / V
much more at
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.




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Part I / V

Motion and Machines Unit

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

String (You create length)

String (You create length)

String (You create length)

String (You create length)

String (You create length)

String (You create length)

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 This belongs to Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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When should the

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