Motion and Machines Unit Part V For Educators - Download .PPT at

Part V / V
Motion and Machines Unit

This is Part V / V of an educational unit
about The Laws of Motion and Machines.
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
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This is Part V / V of an educational unit
about The Laws of Motion and Machines.
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
much more at
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Wheel and Axle: A wheel with a rod, called
an axle, through its center lifts or moves a
load.

load.
The larger circles are the wheels.

load.
The larger circles are the wheels.

The smaller circles
are the axles.

 The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is
the ratio of the radius of the wheel divided by
the radius of the axle.






 Radius: A straight line from a circles
center to it’s perimeter.
• Diameter: The length of a straight line
passing through the center of a circle and
connecting two points on the
circumference.
• Diameter: The length of a straight line
passing through the center of a circle and
connecting two points on the
circumference.
Diameter
• What is the MA of this wheel below?
r=60 cm
r=3 cm

• MA = 20
r=60 cm
r=3 cm

• Activity! Trace an old compact disc into your
science journal and pretend it is a wheel and
axle. (Crayola Marker is Axle)
– Find the Mechanical Advantage of this wheel and
axle.
axle.
axle.
Wheel radius = 5.2 cm

axle.

axle.
Axle radius = .75 cm

axle. 5.2 / .75 = MA

axle. 5.2 / .75 = MA 6.93 (We can call 7)

• Activity! Making a Monster Truck!
• Activity! Monster Trucks
– Create a monster truck using the following materials.
• 4 Old Compact Disc’s (Wheels)
• The more
2 Crayola Markertsdifficult
(Axle) version is you
•
•
build the car
Cardboard (Truck Frame)
without the
Paper Clips (Helps attach axles to frame)
• instructions
Tape beneath
(Helps attach axles to frame + this
use onbox.
axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• Small rubber bands (Holds wheel onto axle)
– Control: Use a spring scale to find the # of Newtons to
haul two weights and the materials that you build your
truck out of before you begin!
– Build truck and use spring scale to find out how many
Newtons the load requires using a wheel and axle.
• Was there a noticeable Mechanical Advantage?
• The more
•
•
build the car
without the
• instructions
Tape beneath
use onbox.
axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• The more
•
•
build the car
without the
• instructions
Tape beneath
use onbox.
axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• The more
•
•
build the car
without the
• instructions
Tape beneath
use onbox.
axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• The more
•
•
build the car
without the
• instructions
Tape beneath
use onbox.
axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• The more
•
•
build the car
without the
• instructions
Tape beneath
use onbox.
axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• Example of Monster Truck!
 Do you want to see the example or try

it on your own?
• 2 Crayola Markerts (Axle)
• Cardboard (Truck Frame)
• Paper Clips (Helps attach axles to frame)
• Tape (Helps attach axles to frame + use on axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
• 2 Crayola Markerts (Axle)
• Cardboard (Truck Frame)
• Paper Clips (Helps attach axles to frame)
• Tape (Helps attach axles to frame + use on axle to keep
wheel from tilting)
Load Tape on
Wheel Rubberbands
axle so
wheel
doesn’t
tilt.
Frame
Axle Spring Scale
• Activity! Do not destroy, you will use your
Monster truck and an Inclined Plane in a
future activity.
 An Inclined plane: A slanting surface
connecting a lower level to a higher level.

• Where are the inclined planes?

• Answer!

• Field Trip! Let’s visit the inclined plane.

• Activity! Finding the Mechanical
Advantage (MA) of the Handicap ramp
(Inclined Plane) at the school.
 MA for an inclined plane is the length of
the slope divided by the height (Rise).
 What is the MA of this inclined plane?

 MA for an inclined plane is the length of
 What is the MA of this inclined plane?
100 m
25 m

• MA for an inclined plane is the length of
– What is the MA of this inclined plane? MA=4
100 m
25 m

• Inclined plane is a wedge
• Activity! How does an inclined plane make
work easier.
• Use the spring scale and with an attached science
journal to determine the difference in Newtons to
overcome friction in the following.
– Flat ramp (no textbooks) Newtons ______
– Low ramp (3 textbooks) Newtons ______
– Medium ramp (6 textbooks) Newtons ______
– Steep ramp (9 textbooks) Newtons ______
– Journal Hanging with no ramp Newtons ______

Flat ramp (no textbooks) Newtons ___.75___
Low ramp (3 textbooks) Newtons ___1.5___
Medium ramp (6 textbooks) Newtons ___2.0___
Steep ramp (9 textbooks) Newtons ___3.0___
Journal Hanging with no ramp Newtons ___3.5___

• Questions / Follow up to Inclined Plane.
– Using data (Netwons) in your response, How did the
various inclined planes effect the amount of work
needed to get your journal up the ramp.
– Use a meter stick to find the Mechanical Advantage of
the inclined plane with 3 textbooks vs. 9 textbooks.
You need to measure the height and the length of the
ramp.

ramp.

ramp.

ramp.

• Activity! Hang the truck vertical with the
weights attached by tape and record the # of
Newtons to lift the truck straight up the hill.
• Activity! Use the inclined plane and record
how many Newtons the wheel and axle +
the inclined plane required to lift the load.
• Activity! Do not destroy, you will use your
Monster truck again with a mouse trap
engine creating a compound machine.
• Determining the MA for an inclined is very
important when building roadways.
– To steep and some cars and trucks may not make it.
– To shallow, and it just takes to long.

 Screw: An inclined plane wrapped around a
pole which holds things together or lifts
materials.

materials.

materials.

 The mechanical advantage of a screw can be
found by dividing the circumference of the screw
by the pitch of the screw.

• The gentler the pitch (i.e. finer the thread), the
easier it moves, but you have to make a lot of
turns.
– Which of the samples below has the highest MA?

turns.

turns.

 The circumference of a circle is the
distance around the circle. It is the circle's
perimeter. The formula for circumference
is:
 Circumference = π times Diameter
C = πd
 Where π = 3.14

is:
C = πd
 Where π = 3.14

is:
C = πd
 Where π = 3.14

is:
C = πd
 Where π = 3.14

is:
C = πd
 Where π = 3.14

• What is the MA of the screw below?
• Divide circumference by the pitch to get MA.
.5 cm
2 cm
• 2 π = 6.28
.5 cm
2 cm
• 2 π = 6.28
• 6.28 / 5
.5 cm
2 cm
• 2 π = 6.28
• 6.28 / 5 Answer = 12.56 MA
.5 cm
2 cm
• Archimedes Screw: A screw contained in a
cylinder that when turned can easily raise
water.
• Activity! Roving simple machine finding.
– Go stand by a simple machine.
– I will go around the room and point to you, say
the simple machine and point.
– Scope out a new machine and when
everyone is done you have a few seconds to
find a new one that hasn’t been used.
– Last person standing with a simple machine
to point out wins.

to point out wins.

to point out wins.

to point out wins.

to point out wins.

to point out wins.

• Activity! Going to the gym with our journals to
investigate a compound machine in action.
– What simple machines are used?
– How do they work together to make work easier?

• Name the Simple Machine
Wheel and axle

• Quiz Wiz! 1-10 Name the Simple Machine
Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

• Review – Name a few machines seen in
this animation.
• Answer! Name a few machines seen in
this animation.
Wheel and
Axle
this animation.
Lever
this animation.
Lever
this animation.
Wedge
this animation.
Screw
• Quiz Wiz 1-10 Name the simple machine.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
• Bonus – What simple machine do I represent.
• Answers to the Quiz
1
1 Inclined Plane
2
2 Pulley
3
3 Lever
4
4 Wheel and Axle
5
5 Wedge
6
6 Wheel and Axle
7
7 Screw
8
8 Lever
9
9 Screw
10
10 Pulley
• Bonus – What simple machine do I represent.
• Simple Machine – Wheel and Axle for Axl Rose.
 Compound machines: Two or more simple
machines working together.

Lever

Lever
Wedge

• What two simple machines make this
pizza cutter and compound machine?
• Wheel and axle and the wedge.
• What two simple machines make up this
very simple can opener?

• Answer: Wedge and Lever

• What simple machines make this can
opener a compound machine?
• Wheel and Axle, Lever, Wedge,
• Activity! Using a Dolly to move a person
down the hall.
– What two simple machines are being used?
• Answer: Wheel and Axle / Lever
– What class lever would it be?
– What class lever would it be?
– Answer: Third Class Lever
Load
Effort
Fulcrum
• The Dangers of a Mouse Trap!
– Place a Hot Dog (Your fingers) into the mouse
trap.
– What did we learn?
• The Dangers of a Mouse Trap!
– Place a Hot Dog (Your fingers) into the mouse
trap.
– What did we learn?
• Easier Activity! Monster Mouse Truck
– Use a mouse trap, ruler, tape, elastics,
balloons, and string to create a simple engine.
– Who can get their Monster Truck to travel the

furthest.
Ruler Do a complete rebuild if you choose.
Tape
Mouse trap Balloon
String
Elastics
• Harder Activity!
– I give you the Mouse Trap, you create your
own car from scratch.
– Sketch out your model today.
Ruler
Tape
Mouse trap
String
Balloon
Elastics
• Video! Compound Machine.
– You will be doing something similar so study
these projects.

• Activity! Crazy Machine
– Your table group must use a ball bearing
(Start) to pop a balloon (Finish) using an
example of every simple machine.
– I will provide some materials, but you will also
need to bring in some useful materials.
• Build part of it at home.
– Your crazy machine must be confined to a lab
table.
– One period to plan, one period to build and
implement.

table.
implement.

table.
implement.

table.
implement.

table.
implement.

table.
implement.

• Table groups need to create a blue-print in
journal.
• Class materials include the following.
– Balloon
– Pulleys and string, rulers / levers
– Ball Bearing
– Long inclined plane
– Hot-wheels cars
– Hot-wheels track
– Elastics (to be used in class only)
– And much more from the box.

• Be the first to guess the hidden pictures
beneath the boxes.
– Raise your hand when you think you know.
You only get one guess.

Rolling pin /
wheel and axle
• Try Again! Be the first to guess the hidden
pictures beneath the boxes.
– Raise your hand when you think you know.
You only get one guess.

Clothes Line /
Pulley
• Activity Review!
– Answer with your feet.
– Move to the correct corner of the room.
A B
C D
A B
Other Option
A.) Stand and put hands in air making “A:
B.) Stand and put hands on head making sideways
“B”.
C.) Stand and make a “C”
D.) Sit and desk and put head into your arms.
C D
A B
Newton’s First Law of Motion is…
A.) Called the Law of Reaction.
B.) Called the Law of Inertia.
C.) Was found to be untrue.
D.) Uses Simple Machines.
C D
A B
Newton’s First Law of Motion is…
A.) Called the Law of Reaction.
B.) Called the Law of Inertia.
C.) Was found to be untrue.
D.) Uses Simple Machines.
C D
A B
Objects always wanna…

A.) Move at the speed of light.
B.) Resist Motion.
C.) Avoid Friction.
D.) Do-in what they ah do-in
C D
“Dem objects are
just gonna keep
do-in what they
do-in!”
A B
Objects always wanna…

A.) Move at the speed of light.
B.) Resist Motion.
C.) Avoid Friction.
D.) Do-in what they ah do-in.
C D
A B
Part of Newton’s First Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
B.) Objects will always fall.
C.) An object at rest stays at rest.
D.) For action there is a reaction.
C D
A B
Part of Newton’s First Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
C.) An object at rest stays at rest.
C D
A B
Newton’s 2nd Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
C.) An object in motion stays at rest.
C D
A B
Newton’s 2nd Law describes…
A.) F = MA.
C.) An object in motion stays at rest.
C D
A B
F=MA means…
A.) Force = Momentum x Action.
B.) Force = Multiply Height x Weight.
C.) Force = Mass x Acceleration.
D.) Friction = Measure x Action.
C D
A B
F=MA means…
A.) Force = Momentum x Action.
B.) Force = Multiply Height x Weight.
C.) Force = Mass x Acceleration.
D.) Friction = Measure x Action.
C D
A B
Which of the following is not a form of
friction?
A.) Energy Friction.
B.) Static Friction.
C.) Sliding Friction.
D.) Fluid Friction.
C D
A B
Which of the following is not a form of
friction?
A.) Energy Friction
B.) Static Friction
C.) Sliding Friction
D.) Fluid Friction
C D
A B
Friction does all of the following
except…
A.) Produces heat
B.) Wears objects down
C.) Slows objects down
D.) Speeds objects up.
C D
A B
Friction does all of the following
except…
A.) Produces heat
B.) Wears objects down
C.) Slows objects down
D.) Speeds objects up.
C D
A B
This means designed or arranged to
offer the least resistant to fluid flow..
A.) Momentum Loss
B.) Thermodynamics
C.) Static Friction
D.) Aerodynamics
C D
A B
This means designed or arranged to
offer the least resistant to fluid flow..
A.) Momentum Loss
B.) Thermodynamics
C.) Static Friction
D.) Aerodynamics
C D
A B
All energy is…
A.) Kinetic or Potential.
B.) At a state of rest.
C.) Subjected to gravity.
D.) Work = Force x Distance
C D
A B
All energy is…
A.) Kinetic or Potential.
B.) At a state of rest.
C.) Subjected to gravity.
D.) Work = Force x Distance
C D
A B
The formula for PE is…
A.) PE = M X V
B.) PE = Distance / Time
C.) PE = mgh
D.) PE = Work X Distance
C D
A B
The formula for PE is…
A.) PE = M X V
B.) PE = Distance / Time
C.) PE = mgh
D.) PE = Work X Distance
C D
A B
Kinetic Energy is the energy and object
has because of it’s…
A.) Mass and Motion.
B.) Time and Space.
C.) Friction Level
D.) Affects on gravity.
C D
A B
Kinetic Energy is the energy and object
has because of it’s…
A.) Mass and Motion.
B.) Time and Space.
C.) Friction Level
D.) Affects on gravity.
C D
A B
The velocity of the plane is 300 km / hr
/ West.
A.) Speed
B.) Distance
C.) Friction Level
D.) Velocity
C D
A B
The velocity of the plane is 300 km / hr
/ West.
A.) Speed
B.) Distance
C.) Friction Level
D.) Velocity
C D
A B
This is found by taking the final
velocity – the starting velocity, divided by
time.
A.) Work
B.) Newton’s 2nd Law
C.) Acceleration
D.) Friction Coefficient
C D
A B
time.
A.) Work
B.) Newton’s 2nd Law
C.) Acceleration
C D
A B
time. Don’t be fooled
A.) Work by the smart
B.) Newton’s 2nd Law sounding one.
C.) Acceleration
C D
A B
Work = …?
A.) F = MA
B.) Force x Distance
C.) PE = mgh
D.) Distance / Time
C D
A B
Work = …?
A.) F = MA
B.) Force x Distance
C.) PE = mgh
D.) Distance / Time
C D
A B
This is a stiff bar that rests on a support
called a fulcrum which lifts or moves
loads.
A.) Wedge
B.) Inclined plane
C.) Lever
D.) Screw
C D
A B
This is a stiff bar that rests on a support
called a fulcrum which lifts or moves
loads.
A.) Wedge
B.) Inclined plane
C.) Lever
D.) Screw
C D
A B
This is the straight line from a circles
A.) Diameter
B.) Distance
C.) Radius
D.) Mechanical Advantage
C D
A B
This is the straight line from a circles
A.) Diameter
B.) Distance
C.) Radius
D.) Mechanical Advantage
C D
A B
This is the name for an object with at
least one slanting side ending in a
sharp edge, which cuts material apart.
A.) Pulley
B.) Wedge
C.) Second Class Lever
D.) Third Class Lever
C D
A B
This is the name for an object with at
least one slanting side ending in a
sharp edge, which cuts material apart.
A.) Pulley
B.) Wedge
C.) Second Class Lever
D.) Third Class Lever
C D
A B
This is the name for a slanting surface
connecting a lower level to a higher
level.
A.) Block and Tackle
B.) Wedge
C.) Inclined Plane
D.) First Class Lever
C D
A B
This is the name for a slanting surface
connecting a lower level to a higher
level.
B.) Wedge
C.) Inclined Plane
D.) First Class Lever
C D
A B
This is the name for two or more simple
B.) Mechanical Advantage
C.) Law of Motion
D.) Compound Machine
C D
A B
This is the name for two or more simple
B.) Mechanical Advantage
C.) Law of Motion
D.) Compound Machine
C D
• Motion and Machines Assessment Due!

• Activity! Machine Review Game.

End Part V / V
Please look for Parts I - IV
on a neighboring video.
video I-V, unit notes, assessments, lab
much more at
End Part V / V
much more at
End Part V / V
much more at
End Part V / V
much more at
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.




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Part V / V

Motion and Machines Unit

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The larger circles are the wheels.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The larger circles are the wheels.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Wheel radius = 5.2 cm

Wheel radius = 5.2 cm

Wheel radius = 5.2 cm

Axle radius = .75 cm

Wheel radius = 5.2 cm

Axle radius = .75 cm

Wheel radius = 5.2 cm

Axle radius = .75 cm

 Do you want to see the example or try

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle

Wheel and axle