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Intro

It uses a programmable memory to store


instructions and execute specific functions
that include ON/OFF control, timing, counting,
sequencing, arithmetic and data handling.
Basic principle of plc:
A Programmable logic controller is a
computer type device used to control
equipment in an industrial facility.
In traditional industry control system, all the

devices are directly wired to each other


according to how the system is supposed to
operate but in PLC all devices are wired to it
instead of each other.
Control program inside PLC provide

connection between the devices. Which tells


PLC what’s supposed to be going on in the
system.
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INPUTS 
• The input screw terminals on a PLC
from the interface by which field
devices are connected to the PLC.
The itemsInputsinclude such as
tool buttons, thumbwheels, limit
switches, selector switches,
proximity sensors and photoelectric
sensors
OUTPUTS
• Output circuits operate in a manner similar to i/p
circuits: signals from the CPU pass through an
isolation barrier before energizing o/p circuits.
PLC use a variety of o/p circuits to energies
their o/p terminals: relays, transistors and triac.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

• The CPU made up of a microprocessor and a memory


system, forms the primary component of the PLC
• The CPU reads the inputs, executes logics as dictated by
the application program, performs calculations and
controls the output.
• PLC users works with two areas of the CPU:
 program files and data files.
• Program files stores the user application program,
subordinate files and the error files.
• Data files store data associated with the program such as
input, counter/timer preset and accumulates the valves.
• Together, these two areas are called application memo0ry
or user memory.
• PLC consists of mainly three components:
Ø Central processing unit: CPU is the brain of
plc. It is able to do following operations:
A.Updating inputs and outputs.
B.Performing logic n arithmetic operations.
C.Communicating with memory.
D.Scanning application programs.
Ø
Ø MEMORY:
A.Memory is the component to store memory.
B.The 2 common types of memory used in plc
is RAM and ROM.
C.Memory capacities are often expressed for
RAM in terms of kilo-bytes.
D.16K memory means there are
16*1024=16348 bytes of RAM.
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PLC ADVANTAGES
• Flexibility:
 In the past each different electronically
controlled production machine required
its own controller. Now it is possible to
use just on model of a PLC to run any
one among a group machines.

• Implementing changes and
correcting errors:
 When a PLC circuit of sequence design
change is made, the PLC program can
be changed from a key board sequence
in a matter of minutes. No rewiring is
required for a PLC controlled system. 7
• Lower Cost:
 Increased technology makes it
possible more functions into smaller
and less expensive packages.

• Visual Observation:
 A PLC circuits operation can be seen
during operation directly on a CRT
screen.

• Speed of Operation:
 The operational speed for the PLC
program is very fast which a matter of
milliseconds is.

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DISADVANTAGES
• Environmental Considerations:
 Certain process environments such
as high heat and vibration interface
with electronic devices in PLCs
which limit their use.

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• Fixed Program Applications:
 Some applications are single
function applications. It does not
pay to use a PLC that includes
multiple programming capabilities. 9
Key Learning
• How the automatic systems controls
the process in industries?

• To interface hardware with software.


• Acquired knowledge about the


importance of PLC in daily life.

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Plc was (made) for the
main purpose that is “cost
effectiveness”.
Today, one generally
accepted rule is that PLCs
become economically
viable in control system
that requires three to four
or more relays.

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