PLC APPLICATIONS

AND
TIMERS AND CONTERS
Automatic Storage Process Control

Food & Beverages Wrapping & Packaging

 Quality Control

Machine System

Automotive Assembly
 Parking System

Automated
Material Handling
 Beverage Valve

Output signal

Object
sensor

Sensor signal
Bottle
Bottle
Open
0.50
1.00
1.50
0.00 Kg
Present
valve
Full Analog input 1.50 Kg
0.50
0.00
1.00
PLC signal
 Beverage Valve

Output signal

Object
sensor

Close
valve
0.00 Kg
1.50
PLC
 Beverage Valve

Output signal

Object
sensor

Sensor signal
Bottle
Bottle
Open
0.50
1.00
1.50
0.00 Kg
Present
valve
Full Analog input 1.50 Kg
0.50
0.00
1.00
PLC signal
 Examples continued(Example two):
•We are controlling lubricating
oil being dispensed from a tank.
This is possible by using two
sensors. We put one near the
bottom and one near the top, as
shown in the picture below

•Here, we want the fill motor to

pump lubricating oil into the tank
until the high level sensor turns
on. At that point we want to turn
off the motor until the level falls
below the low level sensor. Then
we should turn on the fill motor
and repeat the process.
Examples continued:

Inputs Address
Low level sensor 0000
High level Sensor 0001

Output Address
Motor 0500

Internal Utility Relay

1000
Examples continued:

The Ladder Diagram

Examples continued:
TIMERS
Timers are used to perform the
timing operations.
Time base is the minimum value of
time in second that can be taken by
the timer.
Preset value is the total number of
the seconds for which the timing
operation has to be done
Accumulator starts increasing the
time in seconds upto the preset value.
Upto the preset value of the
accumulator the enable bit of timer is
high & the timer runs.
When accumulator reaches the
preset value then the timer stops and
the done bit of the timer becomes high
 File #4
 40 Timers (MicroLogix 1000 only)
 TON, TOF, and RTO
 Timer On Delay
 Timer Off Delay
 Retentive Timer On
 .01 and 1 second time base
File Type
Timer Number
(0-39)

T4:0
4
Timers

File Number
File contains
40 timers
This timer is the on-delay type and
is named Txxx. When the enable
input is on the timer starts to tick.
When it ticks yyyyy (the preset
value) times, it will turn on its
contacts that we will use later in the
program.
RETENTIVE TIMER ON (RTO)
This is very important instruction
in ladder logic
This instruction is same as timer
TON.
But unlike timer when it has
started timing process it holds the
count if there is a fault or there is
a power failure.
When the fault is removed or
power supply is restored then
RTO will start the timing from the
accumulated value of time which
was held when the continuity was
failed.
Example Continued
Combining Counter And Timer Functions
When the start button is pressed,
conveyor M1 begins running.

After 15 plates have been

stacked, conveyor M1 stops and
conveyor M2 begins running.

After conveyor M2 has been

operated for 5 s, it stops and the
sequence is repeated
automatically.

The done bit of the timer resets

the timer and counter, and
Automatic Stacking Process provides a momentary pulse to
automatically restart conveyor
M1.
Automatic
Stacking
Program
COUNTERS
Counters are used to count the
number of operations.
Its function is same as the
timer excepts that the timer
counts the number of seconds
and the counter counts the
number of operations or pulses
At each operation the value of
the accumulator increases and
when the value of the
accumulator comes to the preset
value of the counter then the
counter stops
 File #5
 32 Counters (MicroLogix 1000 only)
 Up, Down, Up/Down

File Type
Counter Number
(0-31)

C5:0
5
Counters

File contains File Number

32 counters
Example Continued
Here we want to count 5 widgets from input 0001 before turning on output
0500. Sensor 0002 will reset the counter.
 Parking Garage Counter Program

 As a car enters, it triggers the up-counter output instruction and

increments the accumulated count by 1.

 As a car leaves, it triggers the down-counter output instruction and decrements

the accumulated count by 1.

 Since both the up- and down-counters have the same address, the accumulated
value will be the same in both.

 Whenever the accumulated value equals the preset value, the counter output is
energized to light up the Lot Full sign.
Parking Garage Counter Program

50
38
150

50
150
38
 Counter Used For Length Measurement
Count input pulses are generated by the magnetic sensor, which detects passing teeth
on a conveyor drive sprocket. If 10 teeth per foot of conveyor motion pass the sensor,
the accumulated count of the counter would indicate feet in tenths.

The photoelectric sensor monitors a reference point on the conveyor. When

activated, it prevents the unit from counting, thus permitting the counter to
accumulate counts only when bar stock is moving.
Counter Used For Length Measurement

10

Photo sensor activated, therefore,

accumulated count remains at 10
THANK YOU