STATIC ANALYSIS OF THICK ISOTROPIC RECTANGULAR AND SKEW

PLATES USING DISCRETE KIRCHHOFF QUADRILATERAL ELEMENTS

BASED ON REDDY`S THIRD ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION THEORY
By
Gaikwad Satish B.
(M0910S16)
(STO2-14)

Under the supervision of

Dr. S.D. KULKARNI

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 1
 CONTENTS
• Introduction

• Literature review

• Displacement field approximation

• Finite element Formulation

• References

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 2
INTRODUCTION
• Consider isotropic thick plate of thickness ‘h` as shown in Fig…..

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 3
 LITERATURE REVEIW:
Reddy J.N(1984) (TSDT) A simple higher order Theory for plates.

Batoz and Tahar (1982) Evaluation of new quadrilateral thin plate element.
(DKQ)

Modhave (2009) (MDKQ)  Static analysis of thin rectangular & Skew plates using
MDKQ.

K T S R Iyengar(1974)-MIF  Analysis of Thick Plate.

Tarun Kant(1980)-RHSDT  Numerical analysis of Thick Plate.

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 4
 Cont…

J N Reddy and Phan(1983)-  Stability and vibration analysis of plates using HSDT.
HSDT

Ine-Wei Liu (1994)  32-DOF based energy orthogonality.

J. Kong & Y. K(1994)  Generalized spline finite strip,formulation based third order
theory.

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 5
Cont…

• The displacement field approximation is:-

u1(x, y, z) = u0(x, y) –z w0,x + z0x(x, y) + z2ξx(x, y) + z3x(x, y)
• u2(x, y, z) = v0(x, y) –z w0,y+ z 0y(x, y) + z2ξy (x, y) + z3y(x, y)
u3(x, y, z) = w0(x, y)

• The functions ξx, ζ x, ξy, ζ y are determined using the conditions that transverse
shear strains,  xz=0 and yz=0 vanish on the plate top and bottom.
•  4;  z  
The displacement field then becomes
2
w  
u1  u0  zw0, x  z  ox     ox  
 3h  x  
 2
4 z   w  
u2  v0  zw0, y  z  ox     ox  
 3 h
   x  
u3  w0

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 6
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• The generalized strains ε,can be expressed as:-

    zk  R( z )k
0 0 2
  R, z 0
where

 u 0x,x   w 0,xx    0x 
  k0    w     4z3 
   u 0 y,y
0
  0,yy  k 2    0y  R( z )   z  2 
 u 0x,y  u 0 y,x   2w 0,xy   0x   0y   3h 
     

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 7
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• Stress-strain relationship for isotropic thick plates:-

 x  x 
 zx   zx 
     y              y       
 xy   yz   xy   yz 
 
 

    Q         Q    
1  
where    2 0 
1  0  Q  
 E
E  
  1  2  
 0 1  
Q    1 0
  1  2  
 1  
0 0   2 
 2 

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 8
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• Stress Resultants:-
     
 N x     x dz   M x     x .zdz   Px     x .R( z )dz 
            Qx     xz .R,Z dz 
 y      y dz   y      y .zdz   Py      y .R ( z )dz  Q    
N M
 N xy  
 
   xy dz 

 M xy  
    xy .zdz 
 
 Pxy  
    xy .R ( z )dz 
 
 y     yz .R,Z dz 

Substitution of the constitutive equations into the expressions of stress resultants , following
generalized plate constitutive relations,

 N   A 0 0   
0

 M    0 D 0   0  , Q  A
       0

 P   0 0 H   2 

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 9
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

Where
   
1  0   
1  0  1  0 
Eh   Eh 
3

 A  2  1 0   D  17 Eh  
3

2 
 1 0   H   1 0
1   12(1  )  315(1  2 )  
1   1   1  
0 0  0 0  0 0 
 2 3 X 3  2 3 X 3  2 3 X 3

1  
0
2 Eh  2 
A 2  
3(1  )  1  
0
 2  2 X 2

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 10
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• Boundary Conditions:-

The boundary conditions for various edge conditions are given by,

Simply-supported:
At x = 0 and x = a : w0 = 0 and 0y = 0

At y = 0 and y = b : w0 = 0 and 0x = 0

Clamped:
At x = 0 and x = a : w0=0 and 0x = 0 and 0y = 0

At y = 0 and y = b : w0 = 0 and 0x = 0 and 0y = 0

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 11
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• Finite Element formulation:-

• Consider the 4-node quadrilateral element with 7-D.O.F. per node…..
• For discrete Kirchhoff quadrilateral element , kirchhoff hypothesis is imposed
only at the nodes on the element boundary.
• θ0x, θ0y are interpolated independently but are subsequently related by imposing
the constraints at discrete points.

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 12
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• The in plane displacement u0x, u0y and the shear strains ψ0x, ψ0y, are interpolated using
bilinear Lagrange interpolation functions.
• For θx and θy, interpolation functions as proposed by Batoz and Tahar.
• Bilinear Interpolation Functions-
u0 x  Nuox
e
u0 y  Nuoye  0 x  N ox
e
 0 y  N oy
e

• Where
4 T
u  u
e
ox
1
ox u 2
ox u 3
ox
4 T
u  u  u
ox
e
oy
1
oy u 2
oy u 3
oy
4 T
u 
oy
e
 ox   1
 ox
2
 ox
3
 ox
4 T

 ox
e
 oy   1
 oy
2
 oy
3
 oy 
 oy

The bilinear interpolation functions Ni are

1
1
N1   1  s   1  t 
1
N2   1  s   1  t 
1
N3   1  s   1  t  N4   1 s  1 t 
4 4 4 4

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 13
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

• The original shape functions are of the form

  a  a   a   a  2  a   a  2  a  2  a  2
N i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 ai mi ni
The smoothing shape function is chosen as a complete quadratic fit, one order less than the
actual functions
N i  b1  b2  b3  b4 2  b5  b6 2

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 14
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

Subsitute smooth Shape functions:

The unknown coefficients bi are obtained in terms of the known coefficients ai

 
2
    i  N d d
N i
A

The problem thus reduces to solving a set of six linear simultaneous equations defined by
d  / dai  0
For i= 1 to 6,

Using above relation ox & oy interpolated as

Where N   N 1 N2  N8
 The expressions of N i

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 15
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

1 1 1 1 1 1
N1           2   2
4 12 12 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
N2          2   2
4 12 12 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
N3          2   2
4 12 12 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
N4          2   2
4 12 12 4 4 4
1 1 1
N5     2
2 3 2
1 1 1
N6     2
2 3 2
1 1 1
N7     2
2 3 2
1 1 1
N8     2
2 3 2

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 16
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

Modified Interpolation Functions-

0 x  N
 e
0x
0 y  N
 e
0y

Where
T T
   01x  02x   08x 
e
 e
  01 y    
2 8   N
N   
  N
N
0x 0y 0y 0y
 1 2 8

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 17
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

Sixteen nodal rotation variables θi0x, θi0y for the eight nodes (i = 1…… 8) are related to
the twelve degrees of freedom deflection vector we0 of the four corner nodes .
Batoz and Tahar Conditions:
1) Impose at mid side nodes i of side jl joining corner nodes j and l (i = 5 to 8) the
constraints θis = wi0,s where wi0,s is obtained by considering cubic variation of w along
the side of length ajl as i 3 1 j
w,s = - j
(l
w - wo -
2a jl o
)
l
(
w + wo,s
4 o ,s
)
3 1é j lù
w,is = -
2a jl
( )
woj - wol - ê( wo,xsx + wo ,ysy ) + ( wo,xsx + wo ,ysy ) ú
4 êë ûú

2) Approximate the variation of θn to be linear along each side, i.e.

1
  
i
 ni   nj   nl  wo , xnx  wo , yny 
2
1

2
 j
 
wo ,xnx  wo , yny  wo , xnx  wo , yny 
l

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 18
 The generalized strains ε,  can be expressed as
Cont…

By the above procedure θ0x and θ0y can be finally expressed in terms of we0.
0 x  H wx e  0 y  H y woe H x   H1x H 2x ..... H12x  H y   H1y H 2y ..... H12y 
o
The expression of the interpolation function Hxi and Hyi for θx, θy
H1x  1.5[ a5 N 5  a8 N 8 ], H1y  1.5[d 5 N 5  d 8 N 8 ],
H 2x  [ N1  c5 N 5  c8 N 8 ], H 2y  H 3x ,
H 3x  [b5 N 5  b8 N 8 ], H 3y  [  N1  e5 N 5  e8 N 8 ],
H 4x  1.5[ a6 N 6  a5 N 5 ], H 4y  1.5[d 6 N 6  d 5 N 5 ],
H 5x  [ N 2  c6 N 6  c5 N 5 ], H 5y  H 6x ,
H 6x  [b6 N 6  b5 N 5 ], H 6y  [  N 2  e6 N 6  e5 N 5 ],
H 7x  1.5[ a7 N 7  a6 N 6 ], H 7y  1.5[d 7 N 7  d 6 N 6 ],
H 8x  [ N 3  c7 N 7  c6 N 6 ], H 8y  H 9x ,
H 9x  [b7 N 7  b6 N 6 ], H 9y  [  N 3  e7 N 7  e6 N 6 ],
x
H10  1.5[ a8 N 8  a7 N 7 ], y
H10  1.5[d 8 N 8  d 7 N 7 ],
x
H11  [ N 4  c8 N 8  c7 N 7 ], y
H11  H12
x
,
x
H12  [b8 N 8  b7 N 7 ], y
H12  [ N 4  e8 N 8  e7 N 7 ],

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 19
Cont…

• Generalized Strains:-
The generalized displacement vector Ue is defined in terms of the nodal
displacement variables Uei ase  i 
i i
U i  u 0 x u 0 x w 0 x 
i i i i
x  y  x  y

U eT  U1eT U 2eT U 3eT U 4eT 

The generalized strains ε0, k0, k2, ψ0 can be expressed in terms of Ue as

 0  B 0U e  0  Bk 0U e  2  Bk U e2  2  B 0U e

B 0   B1 0 B2 0 B3 0 B 4 0  B 0   B1 0 B 2 0 B 3 0 B 4 0 

B 2   B
1
B 2
B 3
B  2 
4 B 2   B1 0 B 2 0 B3 0 B 4 0 
2 2 2

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 20
Cont…

The element stiffness matrix obtained as

K  [B AB0  B ko DBk 0  B HB 0 ]dxdy

e T T T

0 0

The Load vector obtained as

P   [ N p z ]dxdy
e T

Summing up the contributions for all elements for an arbitrary value of virtual
displacements
KU  P

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 21
 REFERANCES

1. Reddy J.N. A simple higher order Theory for laminated Composite plates. Journal for
applied mechanics,vol-51/745,1984

2. Batoz JL, Tahar MB. Evaluation of a new quadrilateral thin plate bending element. In-
ternational journal for numerical methods in engineering, 18, 1655-1677, 1982

3. Modhave NS. Static analysis of thin isotropic rectangular and skew plates using
modified discrete Kirchhoff quadrilateral element. M. Tech. Thesis, College of
Engineering Pune, 2009

4. K T Sundara raja Iyengar, K Chandrashekra. On the analysis of thick plate, Journal

of aeronautical science, 28(34), 1961.

5. Tarun Kant. Numerical analysis of thick plates, Department of Civil Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400 076, India

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 22
 REFERANCES

6 J. N. Reddy and N. D. Phan. Semi-analytical shape functions in the finite Element.

analysis of rectangular plates. Journal of Sound and vibration, 242(3), 427-443, 2001

7. J N Reddy. Relation between classical & higher order. Journal acta mechanica, 1998
plates. Computers and Structures, 54(6), 1173-1182, 2000.

8. Alon Yair, Static analysis of thick laminate plates using higher order three
dimensional finite element, Thesis California monterey school, -1990

9. Ine-Wei Liu, An element for static,vibration & buckling analysis of thick

plates..dimensional finite element, Journal of computers & structures, vol 59-1994.

8. J. Kong & Y. K., A generalized spline finite strip for the analysis of plates. Thin walled
and structures, vol 22-1994

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 23
THANK YOU

College of Engineering Pune (COEP)

Forerunners in Technical Education 24