Objectives:

1.) Learn and apply logarithm properties to

help make solving logarithm equations more
simple

2.) Know how to expand and condense

logarithms

3.) Analyze when condensing or expanding

may be helpful in simplifying expressions
and solving equations
1.) Simplify this expression:
log 1296
log 6 36 = log 6 1296 =
2
log 6
 POWER Property:log b m = p ⋅ log b m p

2
log 6 36 = 2 ⋅ log 6 36 = 2 ⋅ 2 =4

If you were asked to do this problem without the calculator, properties like this will
come in handy. Compare this slide with the previous to see the benefits of possibly
using properties like the power rule.
1.) Simplify this expression:
log 65536
log 2 (4 • 8 ) = log 2 65536 =
2 4 = 16
log 2

We had problems like these yesterday; Compare to

problem 76 from 3.3 pg. 224.
Product Property:log b m + log b n = log b mn
log b mn = log b m + log b n

Write the following expression as one logarithm or

expand the logarithm out. Solve the expression if you
can.
log 2 (4 2 • 84 )
= 2 log 2 4 + 4 log 2 8
= 4 + 12 = 16

Manageable by head. Compare this slide that uses

the product property and the previous slide that
does not use the property.
Write the following expression as one logarithm or
expand the logarithm out. Solve the expression if you
can.
log 2 256 = log 2 2 ⋅128 = log 2 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 64
= log 2 2 + log 2 2 + log 2 64
= log 2 2 + log 2 2 + log 2 64
= 1+1+ 6 = 8

log 4 5 x = log 4 5 + 3 log 4 x

3

≈ 1.161 + 3 log 4 x This is as far as

we can simplify
this expression
 m
Quotient Property: log b = log b m − log b n
n

Expand the expressions, or write the

logarithmic expression as one logarithm.
Solve if you can.
30
log 6 30 − log 6 5 = log 6 = log 6 6 = 1
5
x
log 6 x − log 6 5 = log 6 As simplified as it gets
5
x
log 5 =0
25
Properties of Logarithms Summary

Product
log b mn = log b m + log b n
Quotient m
log b = log b m − log b n
n
Power
log b m p = p ⋅ log b m
Equality If log b m = log b n ,mthen
=n
 Quick Note
• Can you condense the given
expression using the + logb n = lagb mn
product
logb m
property ( log 6 30 + log 2 5 ):
No. NOT the same base here, so we cannot.

Comparable to
23 • 42

We cannot combine like we could when multiplying powers with the same base, such
as 23 • 22 = 25
 Practice Problems:
Work on these with a partner. Expand the
expressions, or write the logarithmic expression
as one logarithm. Solve if you can.

log 2 ( x ) = 14
2
log 4 x + log 3 9 = 18

x
log12 = 10 log10 2 x = log10 8
144

log 3 x + log 3 ( x − 2) = 1
 3.3/3.4
Homework: Page 223
#18-24; 40-50(even);
57;) AND PAGE 233
#88-102(EVEN)